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| Open AccessLuminal Rank loss decreases cell fitness leading to basal cell bipotency in parous mammary glands
Rocha and co-authors show that loss of luminal Rank signaling causes abnormal alveolar differentiation and lactation failure. Subsequent pregnancies activate bipotency in basal cells, replacing unfit luminal cells, and restoring lactation.
- Ana Sofia Rocha
- , Alejandro Collado-Solé
- & Eva González-Suárez
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Article
| Open AccessBreast cancer prevention by short-term inhibition of TGFβ signaling
TGFβ signalling is reported to regulate hormone-responsive mammary epithelial progenitors that are associated with breast cancer risk. Here, the authors find that short-term TGFBR1 inhibition prevents tumour formation in rat breast cancer models and identify a TGFBR1 inhibition-responsive sub-population of mammary epithelial cells, which is associated with human breast cancer risk.
- Maša Alečković
- , Simona Cristea
- & Kornelia Polyak
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| Open AccessInactivation of LATS1/2 drives luminal-basal plasticity to initiate basal-like mammary carcinomas
LATS1/2 kinases are reported to be tumour suppressors in many cancers. Here the authors show that conditional deletion of LATS1/2 in the mature mouse luminal mammary epithelium leads to luminal-basal plasticity and development of basal-like carcinomas.
- Joseph G. Kern
- , Andrew M. Tilston-Lunel
- & Xaralabos Varelas
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| Open AccessGpr125 is a unifying hallmark of multiple mammary progenitors coupled to tumor latency
Gpr125 has emerged as a specific marker of mammary stem cells and basal progenitors. Here they show that Gpr125 cells congregate at ductal tips during morphogenesis and amass at tumor margins, and that high Gpr125 predicts early tumor onset and poor outcome in basal breast cancer.
- Elena Spina
- , Julia Simundza
- & Pamela Cowin
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Article
| Open AccessBreast tissue regeneration is driven by cell-matrix interactions coordinating multi-lineage stem cell differentiation through DDR1
Mammary morphogenesis is a complex process. Here the authors describe how stem cells build a three-dimensional self-organizing multi-lineage tissue by showing that positional signals from the extracellular matrix through the collagen receptor DDR1 lead stem cells to differentiate into multi-lineage committed multi-layered progeny.
- Gat Rauner
- , Dexter X. Jin
- & Charlotte Kuperwasser
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Article
| Open AccessTET2 directs mammary luminal cell differentiation and endocrine response
TET2 loss is associated with human cancers but its role in the mammary gland development and tumorigenesis is unclear. Here, the authors show that TET2–FOXP1 complex mediates demethylation of genes involved in luminal lineage commitment and endocrine response, underlying a role of TET2 loss in endocrine resistant breast cancer.
- Mi Ran Kim
- , Meng-Ju Wu
- & Chun Ju Chang
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Article
| Open AccessOrganoid cultures from normal and cancer-prone human breast tissues preserve complex epithelial lineages
Organoid technology has enabled the generation of several breast cancer organoids. Here, the authors combine propagation of normal human mammary tissues with mass cytometry to evaluate the ability of organoid culture technologies to preserve stem cells and differentiated cell types.
- Jennifer M. Rosenbluth
- , Ron C. J. Schackmann
- & Joan S. Brugge
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Article
| Open AccessPDGFRα+ stromal adipocyte progenitors transition into epithelial cells during lobulo-alveologenesis in the murine mammary gland
The origin and source of mammary gland progenitors and how they interact with the adipose‐rich stroma is unclear. Here, the authors identify PDGFRα+ adipocyte progenitors in the murine mammary stroma as a mesenchymal cell lineage recruited into the expanding epithelium during development, hormone exposure and pregnancy.
- Purna A. Joshi
- , Paul D. Waterhouse
- & Rama Khokha
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Article
| Open AccessRole of epithelial to mesenchymal transition associated genes in mammary gland regeneration and breast tumorigenesis
The contribution of EMT in mammary gland homeostasis and human breast cancer is still unclear. Here, using in vivo lineage tracing and breast cancer PDXs the authors demonstrate that the repopulating capacity in normal mammary epithelial cells and tumorigenic capacity in breast cancer is independent of expression of EMT-associated genes.
- Shaheen S. Sikandar
- , Angera H. Kuo
- & Michael F. Clarke
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| Open AccessLong-lived unipotent Blimp1-positive luminal stem cells drive mammary gland organogenesis throughout adult life
The role of stem/progenitor cell populations in mammary gland morphogenesis is not well understood. Here, the authors show that a transcriptional repressor, Blimp1, is expressed in a rare luminal stem cell population, which contribute to duct formation, and survive multiple rounds of pregnancy and involution.
- Salah Elias
- , Marc A. Morgan
- & Elizabeth J. Robertson
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Article
| Open AccessMiR-31 promotes mammary stem cell expansion and breast tumorigenesis by suppressing Wnt signaling antagonists
MicroRNAs play an important role in stem cell fate and tumorigenesis. In this work, the authors show that miR-31 controls mammary stem cell self-renewal and tumorigenesis by simultaneously activating Wnt/β-catenin and repressing TGFβ signaling pathways.
- Cong Lv
- , Fengyin Li
- & Zhengquan Yu
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Article
| Open AccessInduced p53 loss in mouse luminal cells causes clonal expansion and development of mammary tumours
Several breast cancers may originate from mammary luminal cells and inactivating mutations of p53 are present in most triple-negative breast cancers. Here, the authors show that loss of p53 from luminal cells in mice results in their clonal expansion and mammary tumour formation.
- Luwei Tao
- , Dongxi Xiang
- & Zhe Li
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Article
| Open AccessWnt and Neuregulin1/ErbB signalling extends 3D culture of hormone responsive mammary organoids
Three-dimensional culture systems and organoids for mammary glands are important to understand mammary gland development. Here, the authors identify conditions (including Neuregulin 1 and R-spondin 1) that allow the culture of organoids that are responsive to hormonal stimulation for up to 2.5 months.
- Thierry Jardé
- , Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- & Trevor C. Dale
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Article
| Open AccessSingle-cell lineage tracing in the mammary gland reveals stochastic clonal dispersion of stem/progenitor cell progeny
The identity and origin of adult mammary stem cells has been much debated. Here, the authors use a stochastic genetic labelling approach, together with optical tissue clearing, to visualize clonal progeny and show that unipotent stem/progenitor cells contribute to adult mammary gland development.
- Felicity M. Davis
- , Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- & Christine J. Watson
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Article
| Open AccessA basal-like breast cancer-specific role for SRF–IL6 in YAP-induced cancer stemness
The downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, YAP, is a critical regulator of both normal and cancer stem cell properties. In this study, the authors show that in basal-like breast tumors YAP forms a complex with SRF and together they induce a mammary stem cell gene signature through the transcriptional activation of IL-6.
- Tackhoon Kim
- , Suk-Jin Yang
- & Dae-Sik Lim
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Article
| Open AccessStem and progenitor cell division kinetics during postnatal mouse mammary gland development
The stem and progenitor populations that regulate mammary gland development are debated. Giraddi et al.use experimental and mathematical approaches to show that the three lineages of the mammary gland are maintained by their own restricted progenitors, and that cycling status links to the oestrus cycle.
- Rajshekhar R. Giraddi
- , Mona Shehata
- & John Stingl
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Article |
ID4 controls mammary stem cells and marks breast cancers with a stem cell-like phenotype
Basal-like breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis; however, its cellular origins and aetiology are poorly understood. Here the authors provide evidence that ID4 is a key controller of mammary stem/progenitor cell self-renewal, acting upstream of Notch signalling to repress luminal fate commitment.
- Simon Junankar
- , Laura A. Baker
- & Alexander Swarbrick
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Article
| Open AccessEpigenetic and transcriptional determinants of the human breast
Epigenetic changes associated with post-natal differentiation have been characterized. Here the authors generate epigenomic and transcriptional profiles from primary human breast cells, providing insights into the transcriptional and epigenetic events that define post-natal cell differentiation in vivo.
- Philippe Gascard
- , Misha Bilenky
- & Martin Hirst