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| Open AccessAdaptive modulation of brain hemodynamics across stereotyped running episodes
Theta and gamma rhythms are essential to ensure timely communication between brain structures during locomotion. Here the authors investigate the association between cerebral blood flow and neural oscillations in freely behaving mice running a linear track.
- Antoine Bergel
- , Elodie Tiran
- & Ivan Cohen
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Article
| Open AccessHippocampal adult-born granule cells drive network activity in a mouse model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy
The dentate gyrus is involved in synchronous discharges and seizures, but its microcircuit functional organization in TLE is unclear. Here, the authors show that interictal discharges recruit specific granule cell ensembles dominated by adult-born immature neurons.
- F. T. Sparks
- , Z. Liao
- & A. Losonczy
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Article
| Open AccessFeedforward prediction error signals during episodic memory retrieval
Haque et al. demonstrate that the episodic memory of a single visual scene is sufficient for humans to recognize if a visual scene has subsequently changed. A prediction error signal first arises in the visual association cortex when individuals recognize these changes.
- Rafi U. Haque
- , Sara K. Inati
- & Kareem A. Zaghloul
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| Open AccessSensory substitution reveals a manipulation bias
The challenge of sensory substitution as a therapeutic approach is to design systems that are well accepted by subjects. Here, in deaf songbirds, the authors substitute hearing with vision, suggesting substitution devices could provide sensory feedback for the key actions that are deprived.
- Anja T. Zai
- , Sophie Cavé-Lopez
- & Richard H. R. Hahnloser
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| Open AccessDecoding individual identity from brain activity elicited in imagining common experiences
When asked to imagine an event such as a party, individuals will vary in their mental imagery based on their specific experience of parties. Here, the authors show that such signatures of personal experience can be read from brain activity elicited as events are imagined.
- Andrew James Anderson
- , Kelsey McDermott
- & Feng V. Lin
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Article
| Open AccessAcute EPA-induced learning and memory impairment in mice is prevented by DHA
Acute administration of EPA impairs learning and memory and hippocampal LTP in mice that was mediated through enhancing GABAergic transmission via the 5-HT6R. DHA can prevent EPA-induced impairments at a ratio of EPA to DHA similar to that in marine fish oil via the 5-HT2CR.
- Ji-Hong Liu
- , Qian Wang
- & Tian-Ming Gao
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Article
| Open AccessDifferential reinforcement encoding along the hippocampal long axis helps resolve the explore–exploit dilemma
Decisions under uncertainty involve a balance between exploiting familiar valuable options and exploring unfamiliar ones. Here, the authors study hippocampal responses using fMRI during a reinforcement learning task, and show the differential involvement of the anterior-posterior regions in the explore-exploit aspects of the task.
- Alexandre Y. Dombrovski
- , Beatriz Luna
- & Michael N. Hallquist
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Article
| Open AccessAn avian cortical circuit for chunking tutor song syllables into simple vocal-motor units
Young songbirds learn to imitate their parents’ songs. Here, the authors find that, in baby birds, neurons in a brain region at the interface of auditory and motor circuits signal the onsets of song syllables during both tutoring and babbling, suggesting a specific neural mechanism for vocal imitation.
- Emily L. Mackevicius
- , Michael T. L. Happ
- & Michale S. Fee
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Article
| Open AccessREM sleep promotes experience-dependent dendritic spine elimination in the mouse cortex
Sleep plays an important role in learning and memory. Here the authors show that experience dependent elimination of spines is attenuated by REM sleep deprivation.
- Yanmei Zhou
- , Cora Sau Wan Lai
- & Wen-Biao Gan
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Article
| Open AccessPhase of firing coding of learning variables across the fronto-striatal network during feature-based learning
The average spiking frequency in the fronto-striatal network encodes multiple types of learning-relevant information. Here, the authors show that populations of neurons in non-human primates also carry significant information in their phase-of-firing when learning-relevant outcomes are processed.
- Benjamin Voloh
- , Mariann Oemisch
- & Thilo Womelsdorf
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Article
| Open AccessPrior knowledge promotes hippocampal separation but cortical assimilation in the left inferior frontal gyrus
Prior knowledge strongly impacts new learning, but its influence on the neural representation of novel information is unknown. Here, the authors show multiple neural codes for learning: prior knowledge leads to integrated cortical representations, while promoting hippocampal separation.
- Oded Bein
- , Niv Reggev
- & Anat Maril
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Article
| Open AccessPlace cell maps slowly develop via competitive learning and conjunctive coding in the dentate gyrus
Place cells in the hippocampus fire action potentials at spatially selective firing fields that collectively map the environments. Here, the authors show how these activity patterns develop with experience in mice and determine the importance of competitive learning in this process.
- Soyoun Kim
- , Dajung Jung
- & Sébastien Royer
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Article
| Open AccessInterneuron-specific plasticity at parvalbumin and somatostatin inhibitory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal neurons shapes hippocampal output
Inhibitory interneuron subtypes differentially control place cell representations in CA1. Here, the authors show that parvalbumin and somatostatin interneuron synapses onto CA1 pyramidal neurons exhibit distinct plasticity mechanisms and incorporating this insight into circuit-level modeling leads to stable place cell representations.
- Matt Udakis
- , Victor Pedrosa
- & Jack R. Mellor
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Article
| Open AccessExperience-dependent resonance in amygdalo-cortical circuits supports fear memory retrieval following extinction
Theta range oscillations in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are associated with conditioned fear. Here, the authors use exogenous oscillatory stimulation of the BLA and mPFC in mice to determine the dynamic roles of theta-range oscillatory states across conditioned fear and extinction learning.
- Minagi Ozawa
- , Patrick Davis
- & Leon Reijmers
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Article
| Open AccessSingle-neuron representation of learned complex sounds in the auditory cortex
Using a combination of two-photon imaging and single-cell electrophysiology, the authors discover that associative learning induces the emergence of a unique subset of neurons in the auditory cortex, exhibiting high-rate bursting responses to the learned complex sounds but not to any of the constituents.
- Meng Wang
- , Xiang Liao
- & Xiaowei Chen
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| Open AccessReduced serial dependence suggests deficits in synaptic potentiation in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and schizophrenia
Stein, Barbosa et al. show that anti-NMDAR encephalitis and schizophrenia are characterized by reduced serial dependence in spatial working memory. Cortical network simulations show that this can be parsimoniously explained by a reduction in NMDAR-dependent short-term synaptic potentiation in these diseases.
- Heike Stein
- , Joao Barbosa
- & Albert Compte
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| Open AccessGrid cells are modulated by local head direction
Neurons with grid firing fields are thought to play important roles in spatial cognition. Here, the authors show that in contrast to assumptions underlying current models and analyses, grid fields are modulated by local head direction; this suggests different mechanisms and new roles for grid firing.
- Klara Gerlei
- , Jessica Passlack
- & Matthew F. Nolan
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Article
| Open AccessPreventing and treating PTSD-like memory by trauma contextualization
Individuals with PTSD are unable to recollect contextual cues related to the trauma. Here the authors show that this contextual amnesia, associated with the inhibition of hippocampal activity, is causally involved in PTSD-like hypermnesia in mice, and that re-exposure to all trauma-related cues eliminates PTSD-like memory while promoting normal fear memory.
- Alice Shaam Al Abed
- , Eva-Gunnel Ducourneau
- & Aline Desmedt
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| Open AccessBrain-inspired replay for continual learning with artificial neural networks
One challenge that faces artificial intelligence is the inability of deep neural networks to continuously learn new information without catastrophically forgetting what has been learnt before. To solve this problem, here the authors propose a replay-based algorithm for deep learning without the need to store data.
- Gido M. van de Ven
- , Hava T. Siegelmann
- & Andreas S. Tolias
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| Open AccessChildren’s family income is associated with cognitive function and volume of anterior not posterior hippocampus
The hippocampus is thought to underlie income gaps in children’s cognition. Here, the authors find that the stress-sensitive anterior (but not posterior) hippocampus mediates income-gaps in memory and vocabulary, especially in children whose families earn ≤$75k annually.
- Alexandra L. Decker
- , Katherine Duncan
- & Donald J. Mabbott
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Article
| Open AccessPupil-linked arousal signals track the temporal organization of events in memory
Although everyday life unfolds continuously, we tend to remember past experiences as discrete events. Here, the authors show that dynamic, pupil-linked arousal states track the encoding of such episodes, as revealed by changes in memory for the temporal order and duration of recent event sequences.
- David Clewett
- , Camille Gasser
- & Lila Davachi
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| Open AccessAging alters neural activity at event boundaries in the hippocampus and Posterior Medial network
Although our lives are continuous, we perceive and remember experiences as discrete events. Here, the authors show that neural responses at event boundaries in the hippocampus and Posterior Medial cortical network decline as we age, and predict memory for narrative events.
- Zachariah M. Reagh
- , Angelique I. Delarazan
- & Charan Ranganath
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Article
| Open AccessRapid Bayesian learning in the mammalian olfactory system
How can rodents make sense of the olfactory environment without supervision? Here, the authors formulate olfactory learning as an integrated Bayesian inference problem, then derive a set of synaptic plasticity rules and neural dynamics that enables near-optimal learning of odor identification.
- Naoki Hiratani
- & Peter E. Latham
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| Open AccessGlobal reward state affects learning and activity in raphe nucleus and anterior insula in monkeys
Wittmann and colleagues show that not only single outcome events but also the global reward state (GRS) impact learning in macaques; low GRS drives explorative choices. Analyses of macaque BOLD signal reveals that GRS impacts activity in the anterior insula as well as the dorsal raphe nucleus.
- Marco K. Wittmann
- , Elsa Fouragnan
- & Matthew F. S. Rushworth
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Article
| Open AccessZeta Inhibitory Peptide attenuates learning and memory by inducing NO-mediated downregulation of AMPA receptors
Zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) impairs the maintenance of acquired memories. ZIP is known as an inhibitor of PKMζ. Here, the authors unveil how ZIP impairs memory maintenance acting as an arginine donor, facilitating NO-dependent down-regulation of AMPARs, independently of its action on PKMζ.
- Alexey Bingor
- , Tomer Haham
- & Rami Yaka
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Article
| Open AccessContextual fear memory retrieval by correlated ensembles of ventral CA1 neurons
The vCA1-BA projection is enriched in shock responsive neurons, which are necessary for fear memory encoding and become correlated with a network of neurons during retrieval. Here the authors show that the magnitude of vCA1 correlated activity is proportional to memory strength and requires the shock response during encoding.
- Jessica C. Jimenez
- , Jack E. Berry
- & Rene Hen
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Article
| Open AccessMnemonic prediction errors bias hippocampal states
When our expectations are violated, it is adaptive to update our internal models to improve predictions in the future. Here, the authors show that during mnemonic violations, hippocampal networks are biased towards an encoding state and away from a retrieval state to potentially update these predictions.
- Oded Bein
- , Katherine Duncan
- & Lila Davachi
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Article
| Open AccessNMDAR-mediated modulation of gap junction circuit regulates olfactory learning in C. elegans
Neural plasticity underlies learning and is regulated by modulation of gap junctions. Here, the authors show that NMDAR- and CaMKII-mediated cell autonomous downregulation of gap junction molecules in a circuit of interneurons facilitates olfactory learning affecting behavior in C. elegans.
- Myung-Kyu Choi
- , He Liu
- & Yun Zhang
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| Open AccessPhasic dopamine reinforces distinct striatal stimulus encoding in the olfactory tubercle driving dopaminergic reward prediction
It is not entirely understood how network plasticity produces the coding of predicted value during stimulus-outcome learning. Here, the authors reveal a reinforcing loop in distributed limbic circuits, transforming sensory stimuli into reward prediction coding broadcasted by dopamine neurons to the brain.
- Lars-Lennart Oettl
- , Max Scheller
- & Wolfgang Kelsch
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Article
| Open AccessBehavior-dependent directional tuning in the human visual-navigation network
Our brain derives a sense of direction from visual inputs. Here, the authors combine 7T-fMRI with predictive modeling of virtual navigation to show that the strength, width and topology of directional coding in the human brain reflect ongoing memory-guided behavior.
- Matthias Nau
- , Tobias Navarro Schröder
- & Christian F. Doeller
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| Open AccessDG–CA3 circuitry mediates hippocampal representations of latent information
Keinath et al. show that information about the recent past is represented in the hippocampus through changes in firing rates in the absence of task demands. This representation is eliminated when DG–CA3 circuitry is inhibited.
- Alexandra T. Keinath
- , Andrés Nieto-Posadas
- & Mark P. Brandon
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Article
| Open AccessMultimodal network dynamics underpinning working memory
Working memory is a critical component of executive function that allows people to complete complex tasks in the moment. Here, the authors show that this ability is underpinned by two newly defined brain networks.
- Andrew C. Murphy
- , Maxwell A. Bertolero
- & Danielle S. Bassett
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| Open AccessThe lateralization of left hippocampal CA3 during the retrieval of spatial working memory
The CA3 region of the hippocampus is involved in spatial working memory. Here, the authors show that neurons in the left CA3 are more active in the choice phase of correct trials of spatial working memory than neurons in the right CA3, revealing lateralization of spatial working memory.
- Da Song
- , Deheng Wang
- & Hong Qing
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| Open AccessThe impact of learning on perceptual decisions and its implication for speed-accuracy tradeoffs
Here, the authors show that rats’ performance on olfactory decision tasks is best explained by a Bayesian model that combines reinforcement-based learning with accumulation of uncertain sensory evidence. The results suggest that learning is a critical factor contributing to speed-accuracy tradeoffs.
- André G. Mendonça
- , Jan Drugowitsch
- & Zachary F. Mainen
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Article
| Open AccessSources of path integration error in young and aging humans
Path integration abilities, important for spatial navigation, vary widely across individuals and deteriorate in old age. This work shows that path integration errors in general, as well as age-related path integration deficits, are mainly caused by accumulating noise in people’s velocity estimation.
- Matthias Stangl
- , Ingmar Kanitscheider
- & Thomas Wolbers
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| Open AccessGestational alcohol exposure disrupts cognitive function and striatal circuits in adult offspring
Alcohol is the leading cause of preventable birth defects in the US, collectively referred to as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Here, the authors show that fetal alcohol exposure induces lasting neurophysiological changes in dorsal striatum that contribute to less efficient decision making.
- Verginia C. Cuzon Carlson
- , Christina M. Gremel
- & David M. Lovinger
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| Open AccessPrecise coupling of the thalamic head-direction system to hippocampal ripples
Thalamic head direction (HD) cells are necessary to establish spatial maps in the hippocampus. Here, the authors show that HD cells tuned to a particular direction are coupled to individual hippocampal ripple events during sleep, suggesting an influence of the replay of specific trajectories during sleep memory consolidation.
- Guillaume Viejo
- & Adrien Peyrache
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| Open AccessFunctionally distinct high and low theta oscillations in the human hippocampus
We show that the human hippocampus exhibits two distinct theta oscillations during spatial navigation with the faster oscillation in posterior regions showing movement modulation. This result suggests a distinct feature of the human hippocampus compared to rodents, which generally show a single 8 Hz rhythm.
- Abhinav Goyal
- , Jonathan Miller
- & Joshua Jacobs
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| Open AccessHDAC1 modulates OGG1-initiated oxidative DNA damage repair in the aging brain and Alzheimer’s disease
Defects in DNA repair have been linked to brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Here the authors reveal a role for HDAC1 in stimulating OGG1 activity to alleviate 8-oxoG lesions with implications in the aging brain and neurodegenerative diseases.
- Ping-Chieh Pao
- , Debasis Patnaik
- & Li-Huei Tsai
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Article
| Open AccessTrajectory-modulated hippocampal neurons persist throughout memory-guided navigation
Trajectory-coding neurons in the hippocampus convey important information for performing memory tasks. Here, Kinsky et al. track long-term neural activity in the hippocampus to find that trajectory-coding emerges rapidly and remains stable across long time-scales.
- Nathaniel R. Kinsky
- , William Mau
- & Michael E. Hasselmo
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Article
| Open AccessDynamic reconfiguration of functional brain networks during working memory training
Working memory training reshapes the brain functional network reorganization. Here, the authors demonstrate an increase of the whole-brain network segregation during the n-back task, accompanied by alterations in dynamic communication between the default mode system and task-positive systems.
- Karolina Finc
- , Kamil Bonna
- & Danielle S. Bassett
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Article
| Open AccessNeuromedin U signaling regulates retrieval of learned salt avoidance in a C. elegans gustatory circuit
Learning and memory are regulated by neuropeptides. Here, the authors show that the neuropeptide CAPA-1 and its receptor NMUR-1 are required to retrieve learned salt avoidance in C. elegans. CAPA-1/NMUR-1 activation in AFD sensory neurons modulates locomotor programs to express learned avoidance.
- Jan Watteyne
- , Katleen Peymen
- & Isabel Beets
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Article
| Open AccessPrefrontal reinstatement of contextual task demand is predicted by separable hippocampal patterns
Spatial contexts are often predictive of the tasks to be performed in them (e.g., a kitchen predicts cooking). Here the authors show that the retrieval of task demand when encountering a spatial context depends on hippocampal-prefrontal interactions.
- Jiefeng Jiang
- , Shao-Fang Wang
- & Anthony D. Wagner
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Article
| Open AccessFeature-specific neural reactivation during episodic memory
Memory recollection involves reactivation of neural activity that occurred during the recalled experience. Here, the authors show that neural reactivation can be decomposed into visual-semantic features, is widely synchronized throughout the brain, and predicts memory vividness and accuracy.
- Michael B. Bone
- , Fahad Ahmad
- & Bradley R. Buchsbaum
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Article
| Open AccessPropagation of hippocampal ripples to the neocortex by way of a subiculum-retrosplenial pathway
Communication between the hippocampus and neocortex is organized through high frequency sharp wave ripple activity. Here, the authors report ripple activity coupling between the hippocampus and granular retrosplenial cortex suggesting an involvement in communicating with the neocortex.
- Noam Nitzan
- , Sam McKenzie
- & Dietmar Schmitz
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Article
| Open AccessMouse tracking reveals structure knowledge in the absence of model-based choice
Mouse tracking can reveal people’s subjective beliefs and whether they understand the structure of a task. These data demonstrate that people often do not use this information to make good choices.
- Arkady Konovalov
- & Ian Krajbich
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Article
| Open AccessA gravity-based three-dimensional compass in the mouse brain
Head direction neurons constitute the brain’s compass, and are classically known to indicate head orientation in the horizontal plane. Here, the authors show that head direction neurons form a three-dimensional compass that can also indicate head tilt, and anchors to gravity.
- Dora E. Angelaki
- , Julia Ng
- & Jean Laurens
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Article
| Open AccessPhase-dependent amplification of working memory content and performance
Neuronal patterns during working memory show low-frequency oscillatory activity. Here, the authors demonstrate a rhythmic retention of working memory information in theta and alpha frequency ranges. Moreover, phase-locked amplification of the retained information improves working memory performance.
- Sanne ten Oever
- , Peter De Weerd
- & Alexander T. Sack
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Article
| Open AccessInterplay between midbrain and dorsal anterior cingulate regions arbitrates lingering reward effects on memory encoding
Rewarded stimuli are better encoded in memory. Here, the authors show that the average accumulation of reward over consecutive trials provides an additive, non-linear (inverted U-shape) modulation of memory encoding, paralleled by a similar recruitment of dopaminergic memory circuitry.
- Kristoffer Carl Aberg
- , Emily Elizabeth Kramer
- & Sophie Schwartz