Ion channels in the nervous system articles from across Nature Portfolio

TRAAK, TREK-1 and TREK-2 are mechanosensitive potassium channels involved in action potential propagation among other roles. Here, authors quantify their tension response and show ultrasound can generate tension to activate ion channels.

To promote the development of effective small molecule modulators that may help treat diverse neuropsychiatric disorders, this study elucidates the mechanism of a specific positive modulator of neuronal potassium channels at near-atomic resolution.

How starburst amacrine cell (SAC) dendrites transform concentrically distributed synaptic inputs into branch-specific directional outputs is not fully understood. Here the authors report that dendritic mGluR2 signaling and somatic Kv3-mediated shunting coordinately implement SAC dendritic direction selectivity.

Authors show that agonist binding to the muscle acetylcholine receptor releases local conformational heterogeneity transitioning all subunits into a symmetric open state. A release of conformational heterogeneity underlies allosteric communication.

The role of astrocyte NMDA receptor signaling in cortical circuits is unclear. Here, the authors show that NMDA receptors contribute to astrocyte calcium events and support neuronal processing of sensory information that maintains sensory activity in mice.

Blood pressure pulsations modulate the activity of neurons in the rodent olfactory bulb via the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO2

In this work, Morgenstern and colleagues describe an approach involving functionalized nanobodies which decrease the activity of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels associated with β₁ subunits and promote their removal from the surface membrane of neurons and muscle.

Kv3 channels enable neurons to fire at very high frequencies (>100 Hz) which is fundamental to brain development and our ability to make sense of the world at large. Cryo-EM and structure-function studies by Chi et al. now uncover Kv3 channel gating mechanisms and support new precision medicine approaches for CNS diseases.

We report light-gated channels in a fungus-like protist that are highly selective for K⁺ over Na⁺. These microbial rhodopsin channels, named kalium channelrhodopsins, enable robust inhibition of mouse cortical neurons with millisecond precision. In addition, kalium channelrhodopsins reveal a previously unknown potassium selectivity mechanism.