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| Open AccessDeep photonic network platform enabling arbitrary and broadband optical functionality
An efficient and physically accurate platform is required to rapidly design high-performance integrated photonic devices. Here, the authors present a scalable framework for creating on-chip optical systems with complex and arbitrary functionality.
- Ali Najjar Amiri
- , Aycan Deniz Vit
- & Emir Salih Magden
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrated microcavity electric field sensors using Pound-Drever-Hall detection
Here the authors develop a chip-scale thin-film lithium niobate microcavity electric field sensor enabling real-time amplitude and phase measurements of various electric field waveforms.
- Xinyu Ma
- , Zhaoyu Cai
- & Rong Zeng
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-efficiency reinforcement learning with hybrid architecture photonic integrated circuit
The Authors present a universal framework that utilizes photonic integrated circuits (PIC) to enhance the efficiency of reinforcement learning (RL). Leveraging the advantages of the hybrid architecture PIC (HyArch PIC), the PIC-RL experiment demonstrates a remarkable 56% improvement in efficiency for synthesizing perovskite materials.
- Xuan-Kun Li
- , Jian-Xu Ma
- & Xian-Min Jin
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| Open AccessSub-volt high-speed silicon MOSCAP microring modulator driven by high-mobility conductive oxide
Silicon microring resonator plays crucial role in optical computing owing to the compact footprint and energy-efficiency, yet existing modulators require >2 V to drive it. Here, the authors present a solution to this by using metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor microring that brings down the driving voltage to 0.8 V.
- Wei-Che Hsu
- , Nabila Nujhat
- & Alan X. Wang
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| Open AccessActive mid-infrared ring resonators
Multifunctional active mid-infrared ring resonators and directional couplers with quantum cascade laser cores allow electrical control of resonant frequency and quality factors, tunable filtering and frequency comb generation.
- Dmitry Kazakov
- , Theodore P. Letsou
- & Federico Capasso
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| Open AccessHigh-speed and energy-efficient non-volatile silicon photonic memory based on heterogeneously integrated memresonator
Photonic integrated circuits have grown as potential hardware for neural networks and quantum computing, yet the tuning speed and large power consumption limited the application. Here, authors introduce the memresonator, a memristor heterogeneously integrated with a microring resonator, as a non-volatile silicon photonic phase shifter to address these limitations.
- Bassem Tossoun
- , Di Liang
- & Raymond G. Beausoleil
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Article
| Open AccessScalable integrated two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectrometry
The authors propose and demonstrate a novel integrated spectrometer that measures any arbitrary spectrum with two-dimensional Fourier transform, breaking the scalability limit in chip-scale spectrometry.
- Hongnan Xu
- , Yue Qin
- & Hon Ki Tsang
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Article
| Open AccessSynchronous micromechanically resonant programmable photonic circuits
MEMS-based photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are often limited in speed by mechanical resonances. Here the authors report a programmable architecture for PICs which uses mechanical eigenmodes for synchronized, resonantly enhanced optical modulation.
- Mark Dong
- , Julia M. Boyle
- & Dirk Englund
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Article
| Open AccessOn-chip silicon electro-optical modulator with ultra-high extinction ratio for fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing
On-chip optoelectronic devices are promising to build compact and efficient distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems. Here, the authors demonstrate an ultra-high extinction ratio electro-optical modulator on silicon and its application for DAS.
- Zhuo Cheng
- , Xiaoqian Shu
- & Yunjiang Rao
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Article
| Open AccessGraphene/silicon heterojunction for reconfigurable phase-relevant activation function in coherent optical neural networks
Designing an efficient activation function for optical neural networks remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a modulator-detector-in-one graphene/silicon heterojunction ring resonators enabling on-chip reconfigurable activation function devices with phase activation capability for optical neural networks.
- Chuyu Zhong
- , Kun Liao
- & Hongtao Lin
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Article
| Open AccessSub-THz wireless transmission based on graphene-integrated optoelectronic mixer
Here, the authors report the realization of a sub-THz wireless data link based on a graphene-integrated optoelectronic mixer with a >96 GHz bandwidth, −44 dB upconversion efficiency and <0.1 mm2 footprint, providing an alternative approach for the realization of millimeter-wave transmitters.
- Alberto Montanaro
- , Giulia Piccinini
- & Marco Romagnoli
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| Open AccessIntegrated reconstructive spectrometer with programmable photonic circuits
Recent years have seen a growing need for miniaturized spectroscopic tools. Here, authors present a novel integrated spectrometer with programmable photonic circuits, achieving record-high resolution and bandwidth via only a few filtering components.
- Chunhui Yao
- , Kangning Xu
- & Richard Penty
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Article
| Open AccessEfficiently accelerated free electrons by metallic laser accelerator
Accelerated electron beams are potentially useful for imaging and different type of light sources. Here the authors demonstrate electron acceleration using metallic laser acceleration with efficiency comparable to that of dielectric laser accelerators.
- Dingguo Zheng
- , Siyuan Huang
- & Jianqi Li
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Article
| Open AccessHigh density lithium niobate photonic integrated circuits
Lithium niobate (LN) is difficult to process via dry etching. Here, authors demonstrate the fabrication of deeply etched, tightly confining, low loss LN photonic integrated circuits with losses 4 dB/m using diamond like carbon as a hard mask.
- Zihan Li
- , Rui Ning Wang
- & Tobias J. Kippenberg
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Article
| Open AccessHarnessing microcomb-based parallel chaos for random number generation and optical decision making
Previous chaos suffers from limited parallelism for high-speed systems. Here the authors harness chaotic microcombs as parallel chaos, demonstrating low inter-channel correlation and high throughput for random bit generation and optical decision making.
- Bitao Shen
- , Haowen Shu
- & Xingjun Wang
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Article
| Open AccessDual-layer optical encryption fluorescent polymer waveguide chip based on optical pulse-code modulation technique
Data security of internet is increasingly more demanding in the current era, yet the traditional electronic approach is limited in speed and efficiency. Here, the authors proposed a dual-layer optical encryption fluorescent polymer waveguide chip based on optical pulse-code modulation to mitigate the limitations.
- Chunxue Wang
- , Daming Zhang
- & Teng Fei
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Article
| Open AccessAbsorption-induced transmission in plasma microphotonics
Plasma can act as a tunable medium in electro-optical device. Here the authors demonstrate electrically induced transmission due to change in absorption in a microphotonic device consisting of a plasma-filled microcavity.
- Baheej Bathish
- , Raanan Gad
- & Tal Carmon
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Article
| Open AccessA heterogeneously integrated lithium niobate-on-silicon nitride photonic platform
Lithium niobate plays an important role in integrated photonics, but its widespread application requires a reliable solution. Here, the authors present a wafer-scale approach to LNOI integration via wafer bonding to silicon nitride PICs.
- Mikhail Churaev
- , Rui Ning Wang
- & Tobias J. Kippenberg
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-speed tunable microwave-rate soliton microcomb
A microwave-rate soliton microcomb whose repetition rate can be modulated at 75 MHz. Moreover, the repetition rate can be locked to an external microwave reference by direct injection locking or feedback locking without external modulation.
- Yang He
- , Raymond Lopez-Rios
- & Qiang Lin
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrated quantum optical phase sensor in thin film lithium niobate
Squeezed light allows for quantum-enhanced, sub-shot-noise sensing, but its generation and use on a chip has so far remained elusive. Here, the authors fill this gap by demonstrating a thin-film lithium-niobate-based integrated quantum optical sensor, which beats shot-noise-limited SNR by ~ 4%.
- Hubert S. Stokowski
- , Timothy P. McKenna
- & Amir H. Safavi-Naeini
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Article
| Open AccessCompact optical convolution processing unit based on multimode interference
In most optical computing schemes, the size of the chip increases quadratically with the problem size. Here, the authors demonstrate an architecture for optical convolutional neural networks which, while losing the independent reconfigurability of the kernels, allows for linear scaling of the circuit size.
- Xiangyan Meng
- , Guojie Zhang
- & Ming Li
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| Open AccessMicrocantilever-integrated photonic circuits for broadband laser beam scanning
This work presents ultracompact and low-power laser beam scanners using microcantilevers embedded with nanophotonic circuits. These chip-scale devices are made in a semiconductor foundry and project visible light patterns in one or two dimensions.
- Saeed Sharif Azadeh
- , Jason C. C. Mak
- & Joyce K. S. Poon
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| Open AccessAll-fibre phase filters with 1-GHz resolution for high-speed passive optical logic processing
Authors present a fibre Bragg grating-based all-pass spectral phase filter with an unprecedented frequency resolution of 1 GHz, at least 10× improvement compared to a standard optical waveshaper. Using the all-fibre phase filter, fully passive NOT and XNOR logic operations are experimentally demonstrated at ultrafast speeds with few-fJ/bit energy consumption.
- Saket Kaushal
- , A. Aadhi
- & José Azaña
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| Open AccessSub-1 Volt and high-bandwidth visible to near-infrared electro-optic modulators
Electro-optic modulators can be useful for imaging, sensing and information processing applications. Here the authors demonstrate an ultra-low drive voltage visible to near infrared range electro-optic modulator in the form of amplitude and phase modulation using thin-film lithium niobate.
- Dylan Renaud
- , Daniel Rimoli Assumpcao
- & Marko Loncar
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Article
| Open AccessAn integrated photonic-assisted phased array transmitter for direct fiber to mm-wave links
An integrated phased array transmitter chip that uses an electronically controlled photonic network for millimeter-wave generation and beam formation is developed and used to demonstrate a fiber to wireless communication link.
- Pouria Sanjari
- & Firooz Aflatouni
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| Open AccessBroadband physical layer cognitive radio with an integrated photonic processor for blind source separation
The authors present an integrated photonic processor for blind source separation (BSS) to address broadband radio-frequency interference issues. The photonic BSS achieves 19.2 GHz processing bandwidth with highly energy-efficient BSS processing of sub-15 nanosecond latency.
- Weipeng Zhang
- , Alexander Tait
- & Paul Prucnal
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Article
| Open AccessPhotonic machine learning with on-chip diffractive optics
Integrating diffractive optical neural networks (DONN) would reduce errors due to bulky components and calibration. Here, the authors exploit integrated 1D dielectric metasurfaces to realise an on-chip DONN device with 90% classification accuracy, computing at 10^16 flops/mm^2 and consuming 10E-17 J/Flop.
- Tingzhao Fu
- , Yubin Zang
- & Hongwei Chen
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| Open AccessMicrocomb-based integrated photonic processing unit
Optical neural networks face remarkable challenges in high-level integration and on-chip operation. In this work the authors enable optical convolution utilizing time-wavelength plane stretching approach on a microcomb-driven chip-based photonic processing unit.
- Bowen Bai
- , Qipeng Yang
- & Xingjun Wang
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Article
| Open AccessTerahertz waveform synthesis in integrated thin-film lithium niobate platform
Miniaturized platforms are desirable for terahertz applications. Here the authors demonstrate chip-scale THz generation with controllable waveforms using thin-film lithium niobate.
- Alexa Herter
- , Amirhassan Shams-Ansari
- & Ileana-Cristina Benea-Chelmus
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Article
| Open AccessMulti-dimensional data transmission using inverse-designed silicon photonics and microcombs
The authors demonstrate a multi-dimensional communication scheme that combines wavelength- and mode- multiplexing on photonic integrated circuits using foundry-compatible photonic inverse design and spectrally flattened microcombs
- Ki Youl Yang
- , Chinmay Shirpurkar
- & Jelena Vučković
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Article
| Open AccessUltrahigh-responsivity waveguide-coupled optical power monitor for Si photonic circuits operating at near-infrared wavelengths
The authors presented an ultrahigh-responsivity phototransistor with a thin InGaAs film on a silicon waveguide. The effective gating by the silicon waveguide enables 106 A/W responsivity, promising for optical power monitors in Si photonic circuits.
- Takaya Ochiai
- , Tomohiro Akazawa
- & Mitsuru Takenaka
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| Open AccessAsymptotically fault-tolerant programmable photonics
Fabrication errors limit the scaling of programmable photonic circuits. Here the authors show how a broad class of circuits can be made asymptotically fault-tolerant, where the effect of errors remains controlled regardless of the circuit’s size.
- Ryan Hamerly
- , Saumil Bandyopadhyay
- & Dirk Englund
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| Open AccessMonolithically integrated, broadband, high-efficiency silicon nitride-on-silicon waveguide photodetectors in a visible-light integrated photonics platform
Efficient and broadband visible-light photodetectors will bring great advantages in applications such as biosensing and quantum information. Here the authors develop a photodetector with high quantum efficiency across broad wavelength range suitable for monolithic integration in photonics circuits.
- Yiding Lin
- , Zheng Yong
- & Joyce K. S. Poon
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Article
| Open AccessNonlinear germanium-silicon photodiode for activation and monitoring in photonic neuromorphic networks
Large-scale silicon-based integrated artificial neural networks lack of silicon-integrated optical neurons. Here, Yu et al, report a self-monitored all-optical neural network enabled by nonlinear germanium-silicon photodiodes, making the photonic neural network more versatile and compact.
- Yang Shi
- , Junyu Ren
- & Xinliang Zhang
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| Open AccessPhototunable chip-scale topological photonics: 160 Gbps waveguide and demultiplexer for THz 6G communication
6G communication requires high-speed and advanced functionalities on-chip. Here the authors demonstrate broadband phototunable topological waveguide and demultiplexing chip with record single-channel 160 Gbit/s communication link and excellent channel isolation for 300 GHz band.
- Abhishek Kumar
- , Manoj Gupta
- & Ranjan Singh
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| Open AccessEnabling scalable optical computing in synthetic frequency dimension using integrated cavity acousto-optics
Synthetic frequency dimension from light modulation enables scalable optical computing. The authors show an efficient silicon-based acousto-optic modulator that generates large synthetic frequency lattices and performs matrix-vector multiplications.
- Han Zhao
- , Bingzhao Li
- & Mo Li
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| Open AccessIntegrated Pockels laser
On-Chip integration of laser systems led to impressive development in many field of application like LIDAR or AR/VR to cite a few. Here the authors harness Pockels effect in an integrated semiconductor platform achieving fast on-chip configurability of a narrow linewidth laser.
- Mingxiao Li
- , Lin Chang
- & Qiang Lin
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| Open AccessUltra-low-power second-order nonlinear optics on a chip
Here, the authors demonstrate a chip-scale device that realizes a comprehensive set of resonant second order nonlinear processes including optical parametric oscillation with a threshold power of 70 microwatts.
- Timothy P. McKenna
- , Hubert S. Stokowski
- & Amir H. Safavi-Naeini
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Article
| Open AccessBayesian tomography of high-dimensional on-chip biphoton frequency combs with randomized measurements
Full tomography of biphoton frequency comb states requires frequency mixing operations which are hard to scale. Here, the authors propose and demonstrate a protocol exploiting advanced Bayesian statistical methods and randomized measurements coming from complex mode mixing in electro-optic phase modulators.
- Hsuan-Hao Lu
- , Karthik V. Myilswamy
- & Joseph M. Lukens
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| Open AccessUV photonic integrated circuits for far-field structured illumination autofluorescence microscopy
Here, the authors develop a UV-compatible photonic integrated circuit for structured illumination microscopy on a conventional wide-field microscope. Operating at a wavelength of 360 nm, they generate switchable far-field fringe patterns, and demonstrate autofluorescence imaging of yeast cells.
- Chupao Lin
- , Juan Santo Domingo Peñaranda
- & Nicolas Le Thomas
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| Open AccessOn-chip bacterial foraging training in silicon photonic circuits for projection-enabled nonlinear classification
On-chip training of machine learning algorithms is challenging for photonic devices. Here, the authors construct nonlinear mapping functions in silicon photonic circuits, and experimentally demonstrate on-chip bacterial foraging training for projection-based classification.
- Guangwei Cong
- , Noritsugu Yamamoto
- & Koji Yamada
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Article
| Open AccessBroadband high-Q multimode silicon concentric racetrack resonators for widely tunable Raman lasers
The authors demonstrate a new approach for multimode resonators to maintain high-quality-factor resonances across a broad wavelength range using the detuning between the symmetric and anti-symmetric supermodes in concentric racetrack resonators.
- Yaojing Zhang
- , Keyi Zhong
- & Hon Ki Tsang
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Article
| Open AccessLow-noise frequency-agile photonic integrated lasers for coherent ranging
Stable and tunable integrated lasers are fundamental building blocks for applications from spectroscopy to imaging and communication. Here the authors present a narrow linewidth hybrid photonic integrated laser with low frequency noise and fast linear wavelength tuning. They then provide an efficient FMCW LIDAR demonstration.
- Grigory Lihachev
- , Johann Riemensberger
- & Tobias J. Kippenberg
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Article
| Open AccessProbing material absorption and optical nonlinearity of integrated photonic materials
Optical absorption and nonlinear index are important performance drivers in devices like microcombs. Here the authors use resonance-enhanced nonlinear spectroscopy to characterize absorption limits and nonlinear index for some integrated photonic materials.
- Maodong Gao
- , Qi-Fan Yang
- & Kerry J. Vahala
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Article
| Open AccessDiamond mirrors for high-power continuous-wave lasers
Mirrors that demonstrate 98% reflectivity and withstand 10 kilowatts of focused continuous-wave laser light are created by nanoscale fabrication of single-crystal diamond. The work finds applications in medicine, defence, industry, and communications.
- Haig A. Atikian
- , Neil Sinclair
- & Marko Lončar
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Article
| Open AccessFast encirclement of an exceptional point for highly efficient and compact chiral mode converters
Chiral mode converters are found in a wide range of practical applications in optics, but the previous proposals suffer from low efficiency and large device size. Here the authors propose a highly efficient and compact chiral mode converter based on encircling exceptional points along Hamiltonian parameter space boundary, relaxing the adiabaticity constraints.
- Xiaoqian Shu
- , Aodong Li
- & Lin Chen
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Article
| Open AccessNarrowband microwave-photonic notch filters using Brillouin-based signal transduction in silicon
It remains challenging to realize narrowband filters needed for high-performance communications systems using integrated photonics. Using a multi-port Brillouin-based optomechanical system, the authors demonstrate an ultra-narrowband notch filter with high rejection with CMOS compatible techniques.
- Shai Gertler
- , Nils T. Otterstrom
- & Peter T. Rakich
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Article
| Open AccessIntegrated dual-laser photonic chip for high-purity carrier generation enabling ultrafast terahertz wireless communications
A photonic Terahertz source based on injection-locking an integrated dual-laser chip generates and transmits a 131 Gbps THz signal over 10.7-m distance, showing great potential towards fully integrated and energy-efficient THz transmitters for 6G.
- Shi Jia
- , Mu-Chieh Lo
- & Leif K. Oxenløwe
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Article
| Open AccessCoherent optical communications using coherence-cloned Kerr soliton microcombs
Kerr frequency combs are a promising laser source for future optical networks. The authors demonstrate coherence-cloning between two remote Kerr combs and improve optical coherent communication in terms of performance, power consumption, and simplicity.
- Yong Geng
- , Heng Zhou
- & Kun Qiu