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| Open AccessAntiviral responses induced by Tdap-IPV vaccination are associated with persistent humoral immunity to Bordetella pertussis
Epidemics of whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis have been seen and are linked to waning immunity globally. Here the authors explore responses to inactivated poliovirus (IPV) in the Tdap-IPV vaccine and show it stimulates early antiviral responses in monocytes and dendritic cells that are associated with long-lived pertussis antibody responses.
- Joshua Gillard
- , Madeleine Suffiotti
- & Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos
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| Open AccessSequential vaccinations with divergent H1N1 influenza virus strains induce multi-H1 clade neutralizing antibodies in swine
Seasonal influenza vaccines typically fail to induce cross-protective antibody responses. Here, Van Reeth et al. sequentially vaccinate pigs with diverse H1N1 viruses and show that this strategy induces antibodies against a panel of H1N1 strains from swine and humans and protects against antigenically mismatched strains.
- Kristien Van Reeth
- , Anna Parys
- & Elien Vandoorn
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| Open AccessWaning and boosting of antibody Fc-effector functions upon SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has long been attributed to the neutralising capacity of the antibodies that are produced upon prime-boost vaccinations. Here authors show that upon vaccination with CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines in prime-boost regimens, antibodies with Fc-effector functions to enhance cellular and innate immunity are also produced, albeit with different kinetics.
- X. Tong
- , R. P. McNamara
- & R. A. Medina
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| Open AccessInactivated vaccine-elicited potent antibodies can broadly neutralize SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants
In this study, the authors isolate and characterize BBIBPCorV inactivated vaccine-elicited human antibodies. They show that these can broadly neutralize a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants and protect mice from Delta and Omicron infection. The neutralization mechanism of bispecific antibodies were solved structurally.
- Yubin Liu
- , Ziyi Wang
- & Gong Cheng
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| Open AccessSomatically hypermutated antibodies isolated from SARS-CoV-2 Delta infected patients cross-neutralize heterologous variants
In this study, authors identified neutralizing antibodies by isolating B cells from SARS-CoV-2 Delta infected patients and detect altered structural features, likely introduced by somatic hypermutation, that are involved in epitope binding and increase neutralization breadth against virus variants.
- Haisheng Yu
- , Banghui Liu
- & Xiaoping Tang
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| Open AccessSafety and immunogenicity following a homologous booster dose of CoronaVac in children and adolescents
Few countries have approved SARS-CoV-2 booster doses in children and adolescents due to insufficient evidence about the safety and interval vaccination. Here, the authors assess the safety and immunogenicity of a homologous booster dose of CoronaVac in a cohort of 3–17 year olds.
- Lei Wang
- , Zhiwei Wu
- & Qiang Gao
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| Open AccessA fourth dose of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine redistributes humoral immunity to the N-terminal domain
Despite the availability of booster doses against SARS-CoV-2, variants of concern are capable of escaping immune responses established by vaccination or natural infection. In this work, the authors detail the immune responses elicited in a cohort of healthcare workers, receiving a fourth dose of inactivated vaccine.
- Ji Wang
- , Caiguangxi Deng
- & Haipeng Xiao
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Article
| Open AccessImmunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in healthy adolescents
There are adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines, such as myocarditis for adolescents following receipt of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Here the authors compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two widely available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (BNT162b2, an mRNA vaccine, and CoronaVac, a whole-virus inactivated vaccine) in healthy adolescents.
- Jaime S. Rosa Duque
- , Xiwei Wang
- & Yu Lung Lau
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Article
| Open AccessPre-existing antibody levels negatively correlate with antibody titers after a single dose of BBV152 vaccination
Serosurveillance studies show a heterogenous mix of the Indian population with immunity to COVID-19 due to vaccination or natural infection. Here, the authors enrol subjects representative of the general population, to assess whether pre-existing antibodies are further boosted by a single dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, BBV152.
- Suman Das
- , Janmejay Singh
- & Guruprasad R. Medigeshi
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| Open AccessSix-month follow-up of a booster dose of CoronaVac in two single-centre phase 2 clinical trials
Following a booster dose of CoronaVac in two single-centre phase 2 clinical trials, the authors show that neutralising antibody titres decline approximately 4-fold and 2.5-fold from day 28 to day 180 in adults aged 18-59 years and in adults aged 60 years and older, respectively.
- Qianqian Xin
- , Qianhui Wu
- & Lin Wang
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Article
| Open AccessHeterologous immunization with inactivated vaccine followed by mRNA-booster elicits strong immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) raises concerns regarding vaccine efficacy. Here, the authors evaluate the neutralizing antibody, and cellular response elicited following inactivated vaccine immunization, and mRNA booster, against the Omicron variant.
- Fanglei Zuo
- , Hassan Abolhassani
- & Qiang Pan-Hammarström
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| Open AccessNeutralizing activity of BBIBP-CorV vaccine-elicited sera against Beta, Delta and other SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Variants of SARS-CoV-2 present the potential for differential response and performance to delivered vaccine regimens. Here the authors characterise the neutralising antibody response to the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BBIBP-CorV and assess functionality against a range of key SARS-CoV2 variants.
- Xiaoqi Yu
- , Dong Wei
- & Erzhen Chen
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Article
| Open AccessA Newcastle disease virus expressing a stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces protective immune responses
Here the authors show that a Newcastle disease virus based COVID-19 vaccine expressing a stabilized spike protein induces protective immunity in small animal models and reduces replication of variants of concerns. This vaccine candidate can be produced by influenza virus vaccine manufactures around the world.
- Weina Sun
- , Yonghong Liu
- & Peter Palese
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| Open AccessEnhanced influenza A H1N1 T cell epitope recognition and cross-reactivity to protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1 in Pandemrix-associated narcolepsy type 1
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a severe sleep disorder with strong association to the HLA type DQB1*0602 and increased incidence among children vaccinated with the Influenza A vaccine Pandemrix. Here the authors show that these children develop T and B cell autoimmunity against protein-O-mannosyltransferase 1 via cross-reactivity.
- A. Vuorela
- , T. L. Freitag
- & O. Vaarala
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Article
| Open AccessImmunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, BBV152 in rhesus macaques
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are needed to fight the pandemic. Here, authors show protective efficacy and immunogenicity of the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BBV152 in rhesus macaques. This vaccine is currently in clinical development.
- Pragya D. Yadav
- , Raches Ella
- & Balram Bhargava
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| Open AccessAntigenic assessment of the H3N2 component of the 2019-2020 Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine
Vaccine mismatch and changes in antigenicity due to vaccine strain egg adaptation can affect seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness. Here, Gouma et al. show that the egg-adapted 3c3.A H3N2 vaccine strain elicits antibodies with limited reactivity to a wildtype 3c3.A strain and currently circulating 3c2.A H3N2 strains.
- Sigrid Gouma
- , Madison Weirick
- & Scott E. Hensley
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| Open AccessRepeat vaccination reduces antibody affinity maturation across different influenza vaccine platforms in humans
Here, Khurana et al. report the results of a phase 4 clinical trial with three FDA approved influenza vaccines and show that repeat influenza vaccination results in reduced antibody affinity maturation to hemagglutinin domain 1 irrespective of vaccine platform.
- Surender Khurana
- , Megan Hahn
- & Hana Golding
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| Open AccessNon-neutralizing antibodies elicited by recombinant Lassa–Rabies vaccine are critical for protection against Lassa fever
There is currently no approved vaccine for Lassa fever virus (LASV). Here, Abreu-Mota et al. develop an inactivated, adjuvanted vaccine candidate expressing LASV glycoprotein (GPC) in a rabies virus vector, and show that non-neutralizing LASV GPC-specific antibodies are a major mechanism of protection.
- Tiago Abreu-Mota
- , Katie R. Hagen
- & Matthias J. Schnell
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| Open AccessA polyvalent inactivated rhinovirus vaccine is broadly immunogenic in rhesus macaques
Existence of 150–170 serologically distinct human rhinoviruses (HRV) has hampered vaccine development for this human pathogen. Here, the authors show that a prime-boost regimen with an inactivated 50-valent HRV vaccine induces neutralizing antibody responses to diverse HRV serotypes in rhesus macaques.
- Sujin Lee
- , Minh Trang Nguyen
- & Martin L. Moore