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Article |
Brain endothelial GSDMD activation mediates inflammatory BBB breakdown
Lipopolysaccharide-induced breakdown of the blood–brain barrier requires activation of GSDMD-mediated plasma membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis in brain endothelial cells.
- Chao Wei
- , Wei Jiang
- & Feng Shao
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Article |
ROS-dependent S-palmitoylation activates cleaved and intact gasdermin D
- Gang Du
- , Liam B. Healy
- & Hao Wu
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News & Views |
Blocking cell death limits lung damage and inflammation from influenza
Animals that receive an inhibitor of an antiviral cell-death response called necroptosis are less likely to die of influenza even at a late stage of infection. This has implications for the development of therapies for respiratory diseases.
- Nishma Gupta
- & John Silke
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News |
How to supercharge cancer-fighting cells: give them stem-cell skills
The bioengineered immune players called CAR T cells last longer and work better if pumped up with a large dose of a protein that makes them resemble stem cells.
- Sara Reardon
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Article
| Open Access
FOXO1 enhances CAR T cell stemness, metabolic fitness and efficacy
Increased effectiveness of anti-cancer chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is associated with a stem-like phenotype through increased expression of FOXO1.
- Jack D. Chan
- , Christina M. Scheffler
- & Phillip K. Darcy
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Article |
Necroptosis blockade prevents lung injury in severe influenza
A newly developed RIPK3 inhibitor blocks necroptosis of lung cells, reduces lung inflammation and prevents mortality in a mouse model of influenza A virus infection.
- Avishekh Gautam
- , David F. Boyd
- & Siddharth Balachandran
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Article |
Sex differences orchestrated by androgens at single-cell resolution
The effects of sex and androgens on the molecular programs and cellular populations are explored using a single-cell transcriptomic atlas comprising over 2.3 million cells from different tissues in Mus musculus.
- Fei Li
- , Xudong Xing
- & Dong Gao
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Article |
Metabolic rewiring promotes anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoids reprogram the mitochondrial metabolism of macrophages, resulting in increased and sustained production of the anti-inflammatory metabolite itaconate and, as a consequence, inhibition of the inflammatory response.
- Jean-Philippe Auger
- , Max Zimmermann
- & Gerhard Krönke
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Article
| Open Access
Distal colonocytes targeted by C. rodentium recruit T-cell help for barrier defence
The murine enteropathogen Citrobacter rodentium targets a specific subset of absorptive intestinal epithelial cells in the mid–distal colon, which stimulate T cells to produce sustained IL-22 signals to mitigate further spread of the pathogen.
- Carlene L. Zindl
- , C. Garrett Wilson
- & Casey T. Weaver
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Article
| Open Access
FOXO1 is a master regulator of memory programming in CAR T cells
The transcription factor FOXO1 has a key role in human T cell memory, and manipulating FOXO1 expression could provide a way to enhance CAR T cell therapies by increasing CAR T cell persistence and antitumour activity.
- Alexander E. Doan
- , Katherine P. Mueller
- & Evan W. Weber
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News Explainer |
Bird flu outbreak in US cows: why scientists are concerned
A virus that has killed hundreds of millions of birds has now infected cattle in six US states, but the threat to humans is currently low.
- Max Kozlov
- & Smriti Mallapaty
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Article
| Open Access
Immune microniches shape intestinal Treg function
Studies in mice show that effector T regulatory cells in the gut are most functional in the lamina propria, but this homeostatic niche is disrupted in inflammation, suggesting a spatial mechanism of tolerance to commensal microorganisms.
- Yisu Gu
- , Raquel Bartolomé-Casado
- & Fiona Powrie
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Editorial |
Time to sound the alarm about the hidden epidemic of kidney disease
With rates rising around the world, public-health leaders must prioritize prevention, treatment, funding and data.
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News |
Diabetes drug slows development of Parkinson’s disease
The drug, which is in the same family as blockbuster weight-loss drugs such as Wegovy, slowed development of symptoms by a small but statistically significant amount.
- David Adam
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Outline |
Video: Cancer-busting vaccines
Treatments that could train the immune system to identify and destroy cancer cells are on the way.
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Outline |
Cancer-vaccine trials give reasons for optimism
Therapeutic vaccines could provide a transformative shot in the arm for cancer treatment.
- Liam Drew
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Outline |
How does a cancer vaccine work?
After decades of slow progress, therapeutic vaccines that direct the immune system to attack tumours could soon become a fixture of cancer treatment.
- Liam Drew
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News & Views |
Anti-ageing antibodies revive the immune system
Depleting an expanding pool of aberrant stem cells in aged mice using antibody therapy has been shown to rebalance blood cell production, diminish age-associated inflammation and strengthen acquired immune responses.
- Yasar Arfat T. Kasu
- & Robert A. J. Signer
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News & Views |
Innate immunity in neurons makes memories persist
A population of neurons that engages mechanisms of the innate immune system during memory formation has been uncovered in mice. Surprisingly, inflammatory signalling might pave the way for long-term memory.
- Benjamin A. Kelvington
- & Ted Abel
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News |
How to make an old immune system young again
Antibodies that target blood stem cells can rejuvenate immune responses in mice.
- Heidi Ledford
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Article
| Open Access
Formation of memory assemblies through the DNA-sensing TLR9 pathway
Learning results in persistent double-stranded DNA breaks, nuclear rupture and release of DNA fragments and histones within hippocampal CA1 neurons that, following TLR9-mediated DNA damage repair, results in their recruitment to memory circuits.
- Vladimir Jovasevic
- , Elizabeth M. Wood
- & Jelena Radulovic
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Article
| Open Access
CGRP sensory neurons promote tissue healing via neutrophils and macrophages
Experiments in mouse models show that NaV1.8+ nociceptors innervate sites of injury and provide wound repair signals to immune cells by releasing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).
- Yen-Zhen Lu
- , Bhavana Nayer
- & Mikaël M. Martino
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Article |
Depleting myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells rejuvenates aged immunity
Antibody-mediated depletion of myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells in aged mice restores characteristic features of a more youthful immune system.
- Jason B. Ross
- , Lara M. Myers
- & Irving L. Weissman
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News |
First pig kidney transplant in a person: what it means for the future
The operation’s early success has made researchers hopeful that clinical trials for xenotransplanted organs will start soon.
- Smriti Mallapaty
- & Max Kozlov
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Article |
A host–microbiota interactome reveals extensive transkingdom connectivity
A new technology for proteome-scale assessment of human exoproteome–microbiome interactions exposes an extensive network of transkingdom connectivity.
- Nicole D. Sonnert
- , Connor E. Rosen
- & Noah W. Palm
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News & Views |
Astrocyte cells in the brain have immune memory
The central nervous system’s astrocyte cells respond to injury and disease. The finding that they form molecular memories of certain responses, and that these modify inflammatory signalling, sheds light on autommunity.
- Michael V. Sofroniew
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News |
First pig liver transplanted into a person lasts for 10 days
Pig organs could provide temporary detox for people whose livers need time to recover or who are awaiting human donors.
- Smriti Mallapaty
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Article |
Venous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity
Dural-associated lymphoid tissues are lymphoid structures around vascular hubs in the dura mater that sample antigens and rapidly support humoral immune responses after local pathogen challenge.
- Zachary Fitzpatrick
- , Nagela Ghabdan Zanluqui
- & Dorian B. McGavern
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Article
| Open Access
Resilient anatomy and local plasticity of naive and stress haematopoiesis
This study develops a method for spatially resolving multipotent haematopoiesis, erythropoiesis and lymphopoiesis in mice and uncovers heterogeneous haematopoietic stress responses in different bones.
- Qingqing Wu
- , Jizhou Zhang
- & Daniel Lucas
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Article |
Role of IL-27 in Epstein–Barr virus infection revealed by IL-27RA deficiency
IL-27RA–IL-27 has a critical role in the immunity to EBV, and this defence is hijacked by Epstein–Barr virus to promote the expansion of infected transformed B cells
- Emmanuel Martin
- , Sarah Winter
- & Sylvain Latour
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Article |
Disease-associated astrocyte epigenetic memory promotes CNS pathology
In an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model in mice, a subset of astrocytes retains an epigenetically regulated memory of past inflammation, causing exacerbated inflammation upon subsequent rechallenge.
- Hong-Gyun Lee
- , Joseph M. Rone
- & Francisco J. Quintana
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News |
Bird-flu threat disrupts Antarctic penguin studies
Projects have been cancelled in an effort to curb the virus’s spread.
- Carissa Wong
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Outlook |
Fungal diseases are spreading undetected
Low- and middle-income countries are grappling with widespread shortages of diagnostic tests for infections that kill millions.
- Charles Schmidt
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News & Views |
Mobile delivery of COVID-19 vaccines improved uptake in rural Sierra Leone
A trial that took mobile health services to rural Sierra Leone finds that this initiative increased COVID-19 vaccine uptake. But more must be done to expand the coverage of health services in low-income countries.
- Alison Buttenheim
- & Harsha Thirumurthy
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News |
Deadly brain cancer shrinks after CAR-T therapy — but for how long is unclear
Early studies with engineered immune cells show drastic but often short-lived results in glioblastoma, the most aggressive brain cancer.
- Heidi Ledford
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News |
Massive public-health experiment sends vaccination rates soaring
The rate of vaccination against COVID-19 rose sharply in villages in Sierra Leone where health officials held mobile vaccination clinics.
- Max Kozlov
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Article |
AIRE relies on Z-DNA to flag gene targets for thymic T cell tolerization
Z-DNA anchors the AIRE-mediated transcriptional program by enhancing the generation of double-stranded breaks and promoter poising.
- Yuan Fang
- , Kushagra Bansal
- & Diane Mathis
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Article |
Rapid unleashing of macrophage efferocytic capacity via transcriptional pause release
Macrophages are revealed to adopt a polymerase II pause/release process to effectively deal with ingested apoptotic corpses and for continuous efferocytosis.
- Turan Tufan
- , Gamze Comertpay
- & Kodi S. Ravichandran
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Article |
Dopamine receptor D2 confers colonization resistance via microbial metabolites
In a mouse model of enteric pathogen infection, tryptophan metabolites protect against infection via activation of dopamine receptor D2 and regulation of actin cytoskeletal organization in intestinal epithelial cells.
- Samantha A. Scott
- , Jingjing Fu
- & Pamela V. Chang
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Article |
Structures and activation mechanism of the Gabija anti-phage system
Structures of complexes containing GajA and GajB proteins of the prokaryotic Gabija anti-phage defence system reveal the mechanism of its activation after DNA cleavage upon ATP depletion.
- Jing Li
- , Rui Cheng
- & Longfei Wang
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News |
Blockbuster obesity drug leads to better health in people with HIV
Semaglutide reduces weight and fat accumulation associated with the antiretroviral regimen that keeps HIV at bay.
- Mariana Lenharo
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News Explainer |
First cell therapy for solid tumours heads to the clinic: what it means for cancer treatment
Therapy built on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes is now being prepared for at least 20 people in the United States with advanced melanoma.
- Sara Reardon
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News & Views |
Interactions between immune cells recorded
Direct interactions between cells in tissue are incompletely understood because the advanced technologies required to examine them are still in their infancy. A new method can decipher cell–cell interactions on a large scale.
- Michael A. Wheeler
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Article |
Universal recording of immune cell interactions in vivo
A paper reports the development of a universal tool for studying cellular interactions in biological systems, and demonstrates its coupling with single-cell transcriptomics methods to provide insights into the biology of the interactions.
- Sandra Nakandakari-Higa
- , Sarah Walker
- & Gabriel D. Victora
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News |
Meningitis could be behind ‘mystery illness’ reports in Nigeria
The WHO confirms three meningitis deaths, which it says might have triggered rumours of an outbreak of an unknown disease.
- Sarah Wild
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News |
Brazil’s record dengue surge: why a vaccine campaign is unlikely to stop it
A vaccine shortage and persistent sanitation problems threaten the success of the world’s first public vaccination campaign against dengue virus.
- Mariana Lenharo
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Spotlight |
Stealthy stem cells to treat disease
Gene-editing strategies that allow stem cells to evade the immune system offer hope for universal cell-replacement therapies.
- Elie Dolgin
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Article
| Open Access
The CRL5–SPSB3 ubiquitin ligase targets nuclear cGAS for degradation
The ubiquitin proteasomal system degrades nuclear cGAS in cycling cells.
- Pengbiao Xu
- , Ying Liu
- & Andrea Ablasser
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Article
| Open Access
Compartmentalized ocular lymphatic system mediates eye–brain immunity
A study provides evidence for a shared lymphatic circuit that connects the posterior eye and the brain, allowing the generation of immune responses to protect the CNS against pathogens and tumours following intravitreal immunization.
- Xiangyun Yin
- , Sophia Zhang
- & Eric Song
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