Graphene articles from across Nature Portfolio

Graphene quantum dots have electronic structures resembling these of atoms. Here, the authors use two of these compounds to construct artificial molecules and study their electronic properties at tunable distances.

Machine learning models trained with extensive datasets generated by ion-sensitive field-effect transistor sensors can classify complex liquids and quantify changes in chemical composition.

Terahertz absorption reduces the viscosity of the hydrodynamic electron fluid in graphene and thereby enables easier flow of electrons. This results in a drop in resistance within graphene constrictions under terahertz radiation, facilitating fast and sensitive terahertz detection.

Polaritons are confined hybrid light-matter excitations holding potential for optoelectronic and sensing applications, but their characterization is usually limited to optical spectroscopy. Here, the authors report the electrical spectroscopy of mid-infrared plasmon-phonon polaritons in Au/hBN/graphene nanoresonators, showing high lateral confinement and quality factors.

The relationship between the integer and fractional quantum Hall states are of fundamental importance in condensed matter physics. Here, the authors report a universality of phase transitions in both regimes in ultraclean trilayer graphene samples.

20 years on from the isolation of graphene, over 150,000 graphene-related patents have been filed. Yet despite early promises of integration into semiconducting and photonic devices, the biggest applications to date have been in energy storage and polymers. This article analyses graphene commercialization over the past two decades and discusses the role of graphene in applications towards net-zero carbon.

Graphene plasmon polaritons are expected to enable rapid data transfer and processing; however, these plasmons are difficult to access. Terahertz electronics now facilitate the efficient generation, manipulation and on-chip detection of wave packets lasting as little as 1.2 ps. This advance could lead to the development of nanoscale terahertz circuits.

Astrocytes respond to electrical stimulation via diverse calcium signalling dynamics, which are important to maintain brain function. The tunable properties of graphene oxide-based electrodes can selectively trigger these calcium signalling responses.

Rhombohedral graphene is an emerging material with a rich correlated-electron phenomenology, including superconductivity. The magnetism of symmetry-broken trilayer graphene has now been explored, revealing important details of the physics and providing a roadmap for broader explorations of rhombohedral graphene.

A sheet of graphene sandwiched between electrolytes can host independently tunable proton and electron currents — setting the stage for a device that serves both computer-memory and logic functions.

Rotational symmetry is shown to protect the quadratic dispersion of out-of-plane flexural vibrations in graphene and other two-dimensional materials against phonon–phonon interactions, making the bending rigidity of these materials non-divergent. The quadratic dispersion is then consistent with the propagation of sound in the graphene plane.