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Glyco-engineered MDCK cells display preferred receptors of H3N2 influenza absent in eggs used for vaccines
Evolution of human H3N2 influenza has limited the specificity of hemagglutinin to a subset of glycan receptors, which brings challenges. By glyco-engineering cell lines, authors show the importance of extended glycan receptors for growth of recent H3N2 viruses and relevance to their production for vaccines.
- Chika Kikuchi
- , Aristotelis Antonopoulos
- & James C. Paulson
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Article
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Glycopeptide database search and de novo sequencing with PEAKS GlycanFinder enable highly sensitive glycoproteomics
Accurate identification of intact glycopeptides from mass spectrometry data is essential for the characterization of glycosylation events in biological samples. Here, the authors propose GlycanFinder, a database search and de novo sequencing tool for the analysis of intact glycopeptides.
- Weiping Sun
- , Qianqiu Zhang
- & Baozhen Shan
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Article
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Highly-sensitive label-free deep profiling of N-glycans released from biomedically-relevant samples
Glycans can serve as disease biomarkers. Here, the authors use label-free capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for N-glycan profiling of minute sample amounts, resolving and characterizing previously undetected highly sialylated glycans and linkage isomers in a single analysis.
- Anne-Lise Marie
- , Somak Ray
- & Alexander R. Ivanov
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Article
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Elucidating Human Milk Oligosaccharide biosynthetic genes through network-based multi-omics integration
Human milk oligosaccharides are fundamental to infant health. Here the authors deploy a multi-omics systems biology approach to elucidate their biosynthetic network, including the associated enzymes and likely structures of ambiguous oligosaccharides.
- Benjamin P. Kellman
- , Anne Richelle
- & Nathan E. Lewis
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Article
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Mammalian brain glycoproteins exhibit diminished glycan complexity compared to other tissues
Protein glycosylation is critical in brain development and disease. Here, the authors characterize brain glycans in detail, showing that they are simpler and more homogenous than glycans from other tissues and providing a basis for future studies of brain glycosylation.
- Sarah E. Williams
- , Maxence Noel
- & Robert G. Mealer
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Article
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Correcting for sparsity and interdependence in glycomics by accounting for glycan biosynthesis
Glycomics can uncover important molecular changes but measured glycans are highly interconnected and incompatible with common statistical methods, introducing pitfalls during analysis. Here, the authors develop an approach to identify glycan dependencies across samples to facilitate comparative glycomics.
- Bokan Bao
- , Benjamin P. Kellman
- & Nathan E. Lewis
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Article
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Diatom fucan polysaccharide precipitates carbon during algal blooms
The fate of ocean carbon is determined by the balance between primary productivity and heterotrophic breakdown of that photosynthate. Here the authors show that diatoms produce a polysaccharide that resists bacterial degradation, accumulates, aggregates and stores carbon during spring blooms.
- Silvia Vidal-Melgosa
- , Andreas Sichert
- & Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
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Article
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A nonenzymatic method for cleaving polysaccharides to yield oligosaccharides for structural analysis
While mass spectrometry-based proteomics largely relies on digesting proteins into peptides, there is no equivalent strategy for polysaccharide analysis. Here, the authors develop a chemical approach to break down poly- into oligosaccharides and present a workflow to identify polysaccharides by oligosaccharide fingerprinting.
- Matthew J. Amicucci
- , Eshani Nandita
- & Carlito B. Lebrilla
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Review Article
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Towards a standardized bioinformatics infrastructure for N- and O-glycomics
Glycomics is gaining momentum in basic, translational and clinical research. Here, the authors review current reporting standards and analysis tools for mass-spectrometry-based glycomics, and propose an e-infrastructure for standardized reporting and online deposition of glycomics data.
- Miguel A. Rojas-Macias
- , Julien Mariethoz
- & Niclas G. Karlsson
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Article
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Highly sensitive CE-ESI-MS analysis of N-glycans from complex biological samples
In-depth characterization of complex glycomes is complicated by the immense structural diversity of glycans. Here, the authors present a mass spectrometry-based strategy for untargeted, sensitive glycan profiling and identify 167 N-glycan compositions in total human plasma.
- Guinevere S. M. Lageveen-Kammeijer
- , Noortje de Haan
- & Manfred Wuhrer
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Article
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Highly modified and immunoactive N-glycans of the canine heartworm
The glycome of parasites can have immunomodulatory properties or help to avoid immune surveillance, but details are unknown. Here, Martini et al. characterize the N-glycome of the canine heartworm, reveal an unprecedented complexity, particularly in anionic N-glycans, and determine recognition by components of the immune system.
- Francesca Martini
- , Barbara Eckmair
- & Katharina Paschinger
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Article
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Systems glycomics of adult zebrafish identifies organ-specific sialylation and glycosylation patterns
Zebrafish is a popular system for studying the molecular basis of glycan-related human diseases. Here, the authors present glycomic profiles of eight zebrafish organs and establish the organ-specific expression patterns of related biosynthetic enzymes.
- Nao Yamakawa
- , Jorick Vanbeselaere
- & Yann Guerardel
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Correspondence
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Reply to ‘Trace N-glycans including sulphated species may originate from various plasma glycoproteins and not necessarily IgG’
- Jing-Rong Wang
- , Wei-Na Gao
- & Zhi-Hong Jiang
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Article
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Multiplex glycan bead array for high throughput and high content analyses of glycan binding proteins
The low throughput or content of current methods for the analysis of glycans-glycan binding proteins (GBPs) interactions hampers their clinical applications. Here, the authors conjugate synthesized glycans to Luminex beads to detect GBPs and apply it for the discovery of ovarian cancer biomarkers.
- Sharad Purohit
- , Tiehai Li
- & Jin-Xiong She
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Article
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A method to identify trace sulfated IgG N-glycans as biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis
Post-translational modifications can affect antibody function in health and disease, but identification of all variants is difficult using existing technologies. Here the authors develop a microfluidic method to identify and quantify low-abundance IgG N-glycans and show some of these IgGs can be used as biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis.
- Jing-Rong Wang
- , Wei-Na Gao
- & Zhi-Hong Jiang
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Article
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pGlyco 2.0 enables precision N-glycoproteomics with comprehensive quality control and one-step mass spectrometry for intact glycopeptide identification
Protein glycosylation is a heterogeneous post-translational modification that generates greater proteomic diversity that is difficult to analyze. Here the authors describe pGlyco 2.0, a workflow for the precise one step identification of intact N-glycopeptides at the proteome scale.
- Ming-Qi Liu
- , Wen-Feng Zeng
- & Peng-Yuan Yang
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Article
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Global site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of HIV envelope glycoprotein
The analysis of site-specific glycosylation of HIV Envelope glycoprotein (Env) is challenging as it contains 25–30 glycosylation sites with multiple glycan forms at each site. Here the authors present a generally applicable mass spectrometry-based method for site-specific analysis of protein glycosylation that they apply to the analysis of the HIV-1 Env.
- Liwei Cao
- , Jolene K. Diedrich
- & James C. Paulson
Exposing the molecular heterogeneity of glycosylated biotherapeutics