Electronic properties and devices articles within Nature Communications

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    Rhombohedral multilayer graphene has emerged as an exciting solid-state platform for studying correlated electron physics. Here, the authors demonstrate field-tunable layer-polarized ferromagnetism and isolated surface flat bands engineered with a moiré potential.

    • Wenqiang Zhou
    • , Jing Ding
    •  & Shuigang Xu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Electron–phonon interactions are a crucial aspect of high-quality graphene devices. Here, the authors show that graphene resistivity grows strongly in the direction of the carrier flow when the drift velocity exceeds the speed of sound due to the electrical amplification of acoustic terahertz phonons.

    • Aaron H. Barajas-Aguilar
    • , Jasen Zion
    •  & Javier D. Sanchez-Yamagishi

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Here, the authors report the synthesis and characterization of doped nanoporous graphene superlattices, showing their improved properties for electromagnetic shielding, energy harvesting, optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.

    • Hualiang Lv
    • , Yuxing Yao
    •  & Xiaoguang Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The integration of 2D materials with metasurfaces can enhance their quantum efficiency, but the approach is usually limited to a narrow spectral band. Here, the authors report the realization of gate-tunable graphene photodetectors combined with all-dielectric periodic slits, leading to enhanced photoresponse in the short-to-long-wave infrared.

    • Hao Jiang
    • , Jintao Fu
    •  & Cheng-Wei Qiu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Via the first-principles calculations and experimental verifications, a guiding principle is established to design heteroatom-doped-graphene-supported Ca single-atom carbon nanomaterials for efficient non-dissociative solid-state hydrogen storage.

    • Yong Gao
    • , Zhenglong Li
    •  & Hongge Pan

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Gate-defined superconducting moiré devices offer high tunability for probing the nature of superconducting and correlated insulating states. Here, the authors report the Little–Parks and Aharonov–Bohm effects in a single gate-defined magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene device.

    • Shuichi Iwakiri
    • , Alexandra Mestre-Torà
    •  & Klaus Ensslin

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Intrinsic anomalous Hall effect has been observed in twisted graphene multilayers, but these structures are typically not energetically favorable. This study extends these observations to Bernal-stacked tetralayer graphene, which is the most stable configuration of four-layer graphene.

    • Hao Chen
    • , Arpit Arora
    •  & Kian Ping Loh

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Graphene quantum dots promise applications for spin and valley qubits; however a demonstration of phase coherent oscillations has been lacking. Here the authors report coherent charge oscillations and measurements of coherence times in highly tuneable double quantum dots in bilayer graphene.

    • K. Hecker
    • , L. Banszerus
    •  & C. Stampfer

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Zig-Zag graphene nanoribbons have edge states that are predicted to be spin-polarized, however, measurement of these spin-polarized states has proved elusive. Here, Brede et al overcome this challenge by growing graphene nanoribbons on ferromagnetic GdAu2, allowing for the direct observation of the spin-polarized edge states.

    • Jens Brede
    • , Nestor Merino-Díez
    •  & David Serrate

  • Article
    | Open Access

    By combining graphene with transition metal dichalcogenides, such as WSe2, it is possible to induce a large spin-orbit interaction in the graphene layer. Here, Rao et al study the spin-orbit coupling in graphene/WSe2 heterostructures using the ballistic transport based technique, known transverse magnetic focusing.

    • Qing Rao
    • , Wun-Hao Kang
    •  & Dong-Keun Ki

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The large-scale fabrication of twisted van der Waals heterostructures remains challenging due to the formation of defects and contaminations during the transfer process. Here, the authors report a transfer method to fabricate graphene-based van der Waals superlattices at the wafer scale, showing controllable twist angles and robust quantum Hall effect.

    • Guowen Yuan
    • , Weilin Liu
    •  & Libo Gao

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Twisted moiré heterostructures offer a highly tunable solid-state platform for exploring fundamental condensed matter physics. Here, the authors use scanning tunnelling microscopy to investigate the local electronic structure of the gate-controlled quantum anomalous Hall insulator state in twisted monolayer–bilayer graphene.

    • Canxun Zhang
    • , Tiancong Zhu
    •  & Michael F. Crommie

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The electromagnetic (EM) energy released by electronic devices in the environment is largely wasted and contributes to EM pollution. Here, the authors report the synthesis of staggered circular nanoporous graphene enabling the absorption and conversion of EM waves into electricity via the thermoelectric effect.

    • Hualiang Lv
    • , Yuxing Yao
    •  & Xiaoguang Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Significant attention has been devoted to understanding the low-electric-field properties of carriers in moiré graphene, but high-electric-field transport has not been as well explored. Here, the authors find non-monotonic transport behavior at moiré minigaps due to competition between inter-band tunneling and coupling to out-of-equilibrium phonons.

    • Jubin Nathawat
    • , Ishiaka Mansaray
    •  & Jonathan P. Bird

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Monolayer graphene can support the quantum Hall effect up to room temperature. Here, the authors provide evidence that graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride realizes a novel transport regime where dissipation in the quantum Hall phase is mediated predominantly by electron-phonon scattering rather than disorder scattering.

    • Daniel Vaquero
    • , Vito Clericò
    •  & Sergio Pezzini

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Here, the authors show robust edge state transport in patterned nanoribbon networks produced on epigraphene—graphene that is epitaxially grown on non-polar faces of SiC wafers. The edge state forms a zero-energy, one-dimensional ballistic network with dissipationless nodes at ribbon–ribbon junctions.

    • Vladimir S. Prudkovskiy
    • , Yiran Hu
    •  & Walt A. de Heer

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Focused-ion beam (FIB) lithography enables high-resolution nanopatterning of 2D materials, but usually introduces significant damage. Here, the authors report a FIB-based fabrication technique to obtain high quality graphene superlattices with 18-nm pitch, which exhibit electronic transport properties similar to those of natural moiré systems.

    • David Barcons Ruiz
    • , Hanan Herzig Sheinfux
    •  & Frank H. L. Koppens

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The 2019 redefinition of the International System of Units requires a 100 Ω quantum resistance standard for the ideal electrical realization of the kilogram via the Kibble Balance. Here, the authors report the realization of an array of 236 graphene quantum Hall bars, demonstrating a quantized resistance of 109 Ω with an accuracy of 0.2 nΩ/Ω over an extended range of bias currents.

    • Hans He
    • , Karin Cedergren
    •  & Gunnar Eklund

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Materials with correlated localisation of percolating particles and emergent conductive paths can realise sharp transitions and high conductivities characteristic of the explosively-grown network. Here the authors exploit explosive percolation to realize a low-loading composite material with enhanced electrical properties by in-situ reduction of graphene oxide.

    • Manuela Meloni
    • , Matthew J. Large
    •  & Alan B. Dalton

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Large-scale nanochannel integration and the multi-parameter coupling restrictive influence on electric generation are big challenges for effective energy harvesting from spontaneous water flow within artificial nanochannels. Here, authors apply transfer learning to overcome these and design optimized water-enabled generators.

    • Ce Yang
    • , Haiyan Wang
    •  & Liangti Qu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Charge carriers in graphene can be manipulated, e.g., collimated or focused, as in conventional optics but the efficiency of these processes remains low. Zhang et al. demonstrate interference of electrons in a novel graphene microcavity device and use it to enhance collimation efficiency of the electron flow.

    • Xi Zhang
    • , Wei Ren
    •  & Ke Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Interfacial ferroelectricity may emerge in moiré superlattices. Here, the authors find that the polarized charge is much larger than the capacity of the moiré miniband and the associated anomalous screening exists outside the band.

    • Ruirui Niu
    • , Zhuoxian Li
    •  & Jianming Lu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Defect-free integration of 2D materials onto semiconductor wafers is desired to implement heterogeneous electronic devices. Here, the authors report a method to transfer high-quality graphene on target wafers via gradient surface energy modulation, leading to improved structural and electronic properties.

    • Xin Gao
    • , Liming Zheng
    •  & Hailin Peng

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The knowledge of quantum numbers of the edge modes is essential for understanding fractional Hall states containing counter-propagating downstream and upstream modes. Here the authors identify the edge quantum numbers by probing a crossover from non-equilibrated to equilibrated edge mode regime in thermal conductance.

    • Saurabh Kumar Srivastav
    • , Ravi Kumar
    •  & Anindya Das

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The potential of 2D materials for biosensing applications is often limited by large device-to-device variation. Here, the authors report a calibration method and a machine learning approach leveraging the redundancy of a sensing platform based on 256 integrated graphene transistors to enhance the system accuracy in real-time ion classification.

    • Mantian Xue
    • , Charles Mackin
    •  & Tomás Palacios

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Osmotic power source based on 2D nanofluidic graphene oxide could overcome humidity and temperature limitations due to high areal power density purely from ion gradient. Here, authors couple it with triboelectric nanogenerator, and demonstrate a self-chargeable conformable tribo-iontronic device.

    • Di Wei
    • , Feiyao Yang
    •  & Zhonglin Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Reliable transfer techniques are critical for the integration of 2D materials with arbitrary substrates. Here, the authors describe a method to transfer 4-inch and A4-sized defect-free graphene films onto rigid and flexible substrates with controllable conformal contact, leading to improved electrical properties and uniformity.

    • Yixuan Zhao
    • , Yuqing Song
    •  & Zhongfan Liu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The improvement of thermoelectric performance of materials by reducing lattice thermal conductivity is challenging. Here, the authors find the side chains covalent modification of transition metal disulfides reducing the lattice thermal conductivity.

    • Shaozhi Wang
    • , Xiao Yang
    •  & Jian Zheng

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Designing biocompatible and flexible electronic devices for neuromrophic applications remains a challenge. Here, Kireev et al. propose graphene-based artificial synaptic transistors with low-energy switching, long-term potentiation, and metaplasticity for future bio-interfaced neural networks.

    • Dmitry Kireev
    • , Samuel Liu
    •  & Jean Anne C. Incorvia

  • Article
    | Open Access

    While different types of low-power transistors have been investigated, low voltage rectifiers able to overcome the thermionic limit have not been proposed yet. Here, the authors report the realization of Dirac-source diodes based on graphene/MoS2/graphite heterostructures, showing ideality factors <1 and rectifying ratios exceeding 108 at room temperature.

    • Gyuho Myeong
    • , Wongil Shin
    •  & Sungjae Cho

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Ecologically friendly wood electronics will help alleviating the shortcomings of state-of-art cellulose-based green electronics. Here, the authors introduce iron-catalyzed laser-induced graphitization (IC-LIG) as an innovative approach for engraving large-scale electrically conductive structures on wood with high quality and efficiency.

    • Christopher H. Dreimol
    • , Huizhang Guo
    •  & Guido Panzarasa

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Graphene has long been considered to be a promising host for spin qubits, however a demonstration of long spin relaxation times for a potential qubit has been lacking. Here, the authors report the electrical measurement of the single-electron spin relaxation time exceeding 200 μs in a bilayer graphene quantum dot.

    • L. Banszerus
    • , K. Hecker
    •  & C. Stampfer

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Spin-based electronics offers significantly improved efficiency, but a major challenge is the electric manipulation of spin. Here, Powalla et al find a large gate induced spinpolarization in graphene/WTe2 heterostructures, illustrating the potential of such heterostructures for spintronics.

    • Lukas Powalla
    • , Jonas Kiemle
    •  & Marko Burghard

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The authors report on harnessing sp2-organic molecules as a basis for uniformly initiating the homoepitaxial-like, size-controlled, synthesis of sub-5 nm semiconducting graphene nanoribbons for electronics via chemical vapor deposition.

    • Austin J. Way
    • , Robert M. Jacobberger
    •  & Michael S. Arnold

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Experiments in a tunable graphene superlattice show that the unusual 1/B periodic resistance oscillations at high temperatures in the energy spectrum of electrons in a 2D periodic potential, known as the Hofstadter butterfly, coexist with oscillations due to commensurability between the electron cyclotron radius and the superlattice’s period.

    • Robin Huber
    • , Max-Niklas Steffen
    •  & Jonathan Eroms

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Experiments on twisted bilayer graphene point to various interaction-induced phases, including the non-Fermi liquid, but its unambiguous assignment remains challenging. Here, using simultaneous transport and thermoelectric power measurements, the authors identify non-Fermi liquid signatures at low twist angle.

    • Bhaskar Ghawri
    • , Phanibhusan S. Mahapatra
    •  & Arindam Ghosh

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Recently graphene has emerged as a new platform for the study of quantum Hall states. Here, by means of noise measurements, the authors report evidence for the existence of the upstream mode and its ballistic nature in the hole-conjugate fractional quantum Hall state in a bilayer graphene device.

    • Ravi Kumar
    • , Saurabh Kumar Srivastav
    •  & Anindya Das

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The alignment of three 2D nanosheets leads to the formation of super-moiré atomic lattices, which can influence the electronic properties of van der Waals structures. Here, the authors report evidence of possible correlated insulating states in doubly-aligned hBN/graphene/hBN heterostructures, in a weak-interaction regime.

    • Xingdan Sun
    • , Shihao Zhang
    •  & Zhidong Zhang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Ultrathin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hold promise for next-generation lightweight photovoltaics. Here, the authors demonstrate the first flexible high power-per-weight TMD solar cells with notably improved power conversion efficiency.

    • Koosha Nassiri Nazif
    • , Alwin Daus
    •  & Krishna C. Saraswat

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Magneto-oscillations have revealed many interesting phenomena in graphene and quantum Hall systems, but they are typically measured at low currents and in equilibrium. Here, the authors report several non-equilibrium quantum effects observed in magneto-oscillations in graphene at high currents.

    • M. T. Greenaway
    • , P. Kumaravadivel
    •  & L. Eaves

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The mechanisms responsible for the strongly correlated insulating and superconducting phases in twisted bilayer graphene are still debated. The authors provide a theory for phonon-dominated transport that explains several experimental observations, and contrast it with the Planckian dissipation mechanism.

    • Gargee Sharma
    • , Indra Yudhistira
    •  & Shaffique Adam

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