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| Open AccessHierarchical composition of reliable recombinase logic devices
Genetic logic devices allow the host cell to incorporate multiple inputs to determine output behaviour. Here the authors provide a framework for engineering reliable recombinase-based devices and demonstrate 4-input logic in a multicellular system.
- Sarah Guiziou
- , Pauline Mayonove
- & Jerome Bonnet
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Article
| Open AccessROS-induced R loops trigger a transcription-coupled but BRCA1/2-independent homologous recombination pathway through CSB
Transcription-coupled homologous recombination (TC-HR) is activated by reactive oxygen species-induced DNA damage to maintain transcribed genome stability. The authors demonstrate that R loops are induced by ROS at the transcribed genome, triggering a CSB-RAD52- dependent but BRCA1/2-independent RAD51 loading for repair.
- Yaqun Teng
- , Tribhuwan Yadav
- & Li Lan
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Article
| Open AccessThe concerted roles of FANCM and Rad52 in the protection of common fragile sites
Fanconi anemia core proteins have been linked to common fragile site stability. Here the authors shed light into the role of FANCM in common fragile site protection by suppressing double-strand break formation and mitotic recombination.
- Hailong Wang
- , Shibo Li
- & Xiaohua Wu
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Article
| Open AccessTrapping of the transport-segment DNA by the ATPase domains of a type II topoisomerase
Type 2 topoisomerases alter DNA supercoiling by an ATP-dependent reaction involving DNA passage through a cleaved DNA duplex. Here the authors present the crystal structure of the ParE ATPase domains of S. pneumoniae topoisomerase IV, in complex with a captured DNA oligonucleotide.
- Ivan Laponogov
- , Xiao-Su Pan
- & Mark R. Sanderson
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Article
| Open AccessL-SCRaMbLE as a tool for light-controlled Cre-mediated recombination in yeast
The International Synthetic Yeast Sc2.0 project has built Cre recombinase sites into synthetic chromosomes, enabling rapid genome evolution. Here the authors demonstrate L-SCRaMbLE, a light-controlled recombinase tool with improved control over recombination events.
- Lena Hochrein
- , Leslie A. Mitchell
- & Bernd Mueller-Roeber
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| Open AccessPhenotypic diversification by enhanced genome restructuring after induction of multiple DNA double-strand breaks
DNA double-strand break (DSB) leads to genome rearrangements with various genetic and phenotypic effects. Here, the authors develop a tool to induce large-scale genome restructuring by introducing conditional multiple DNA breaks, and produce various traits in yeast and Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Nobuhiko Muramoto
- , Arisa Oda
- & Kunihiro Ohta
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Article
| Open AccessMRN complex-dependent recruitment of ubiquitylated BLM helicase to DSBs negatively regulates DNA repair pathways
Bloom helicase is recruited to double strand breaks in an ATM dependent manner. Here the authors show that Bloom helicase is recruited to double strand breaks in an ATM and MRN dependent manner with HR and NHEJ regulated by the helicase depending on the phase of the cell cycle.
- Vivek Tripathi
- , Himanshi Agarwal
- & Sagar Sengupta
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Article
| Open AccessRAD54 N-terminal domain is a DNA sensor that couples ATP hydrolysis with branch migration of Holliday junctions
RAD54 stimulates activity of the RAD51 recombinase and catalyzes branch migration of Holliday junctions during DNA repair and recombination. Here the authors show that the N-terminal domain of RAD54 mediates RAD54 oligomerization to promote branch migration, and is the target of phosphorylation that inhibits oligomerization and branch migration but not RAD51 stimulation.
- Nadish Goyal
- , Matthew J. Rossi
- & Alexander V. Mazin
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Article
| Open AccessThe end-joining factor Ku acts in the end-resection of double strand break-free arrested replication forks
Terminally arrested replication forks are restarted through homologous recombination after processing single-stranded DNA gaps. Here the authors show that resection is regulated by the NHEJ factor Ku, helping to fine-tune recombination at forks.
- Ana Teixeira-Silva
- , Anissia Ait Saada
- & Sarah A. E. Lambert
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Article
| Open AccessEroded telomeres are rearranged in quiescent fission yeast cells through duplications of subtelomeric sequences
How both telomere stability is regulated and dysfunctional telomeres processed in quiescent cells is poorly understood. Here, the authors provide evidence that eroded telomeres in quiescent fission yeast are rearranged by homologous recombination through duplications of subtelomeric sequences.
- Laetitia Maestroni
- , Julien Audry
- & Stéphane Coulon
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| Open AccessDual loss of human POLQ and LIG4 abolishes random integration
Homologous recombination mediated gene targeting is highly inefficient in human cells due to random integration events, Here the authors show that dual repression of polymerase θ and DNA ligase IV eliminate random integration events.
- Shinta Saito
- , Ryo Maeda
- & Noritaka Adachi
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Article
| Open AccessBacterial RadA is a DnaB-type helicase interacting with RecA to promote bidirectional D-loop extension
Bacterial homologous recombination involves the actions of RadA and RecA to promote single-stranded DNA integration. Here the authors report the structure of RadA fromStreptococcus pneumoniaeand demonstrate that it acts as a hexameric DnaB-type helicase.
- Léa Marie
- , Chiara Rapisarda
- & Patrice Polard
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Article
| Open AccessWRN regulates pathway choice between classical and alternative non-homologous end joining
Werner Syndrome is an accelerated aging disorder marked by genome instability, large deletions and telomere fusions, hallmarks of aberrant DNA repair. Here the authors report a role for the WRN helicase in regulating the choice between classical and alternative non-homologous end-joning.
- Raghavendra A. Shamanna
- , Huiming Lu
- & Vilhelm A. Bohr
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| Open AccessClassical non-homologous end-joining pathway utilizes nascent RNA for error-free double-strand break repair of transcribed genes
Most adult mammalian cells prefer to repair double-strand DNA breaks though the classical nonhomologous end-joining pathway. Here the authors present evidence that a nascent RNA transcript can serve as a template to facilitate error-free repair.
- Anirban Chakraborty
- , Nisha Tapryal
- & Tapas K. Hazra
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Article
| Open AccessCoordinated nuclease activities counteract Ku at single-ended DNA double-strand breaks
Homologous recombination requires end resection of the DNA at the site of the break, however the Ku dimer can sequester single-ended double-strand breaks. Here the authors show that ATM-dependent phosphorylation of CtIP, along with the actions of Mre11, impair the stable loading of Ku onto DNA.
- Pauline Chanut
- , Sébastien Britton
- & Patrick Calsou
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Article
| Open AccessA genome-wide screening uncovers the role of CCAR2 as an antagonist of DNA end resection
A DNA double strand break can be repaired through either the non-homologous end-joining or the homologous recombination pathways. Here the authors conduct a genome-wide screen and identify a role for CCAR2 in pathway choice by regulating DNA end resection by CtIP.
- Ana López-Saavedra
- , Daniel Gómez-Cabello
- & Pablo Huertas
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Article
| Open AccessAnalysis of chromosomal aberrations and recombination by allelic bias in RNA-Seq
Chromosomal aberrations can be detected by global gene expression analysis. Here, the authors report eSNP-Karyotyping, a new method that can detect chromosomal aberrations by measuring the ratio of expression between the two alleles without comparison to a matched diploid sample.
- Uri Weissbein
- , Maya Schachter
- & Nissim Benvenisty
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| Open AccessMulticohort analysis of the maternal age effect on recombination
The question of whether recombination rate increases with maternal age is controversial, with conflicting prior evidence. Here, Martin et al.analyse nine cohorts in the largest SNP-based analysis of this question and find a small positive increase with maternal age in the number of crossovers.
- Hilary C. Martin
- , Ryan Christ
- & Peter Donnelly
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| Open AccessEscape from crossover interference increases with maternal age
Recombination is a meiotic process that ensures accurate chromosome segregation. Here, the authors characterize recombination patterns in over 4,200 families. Their results show that recombination rate increases with maternal age, and highlight sex differences in the distribution of these events.
- Christopher L. Campbell
- , Nicholas A. Furlotte
- & Adam Auton
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Article
| Open AccessMobile elements drive recombination hotspots in the core genome of Staphylococcus aureus
Horizontal gene transfer occurs in most bacteria, yet it is unclear whether it happens in clonal species. Here, Everitt et al. show widespread within-species recombination, driven by mobile elements, in the genome of the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, but no recombination between closely related strains.
- Richard G. Everitt
- , Xavier Didelot
- & Daniel J. Wilson
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Article |
MEIOB exhibits single-stranded DNA-binding and exonuclease activities and is essential for meiotic recombination
Meiotic recombination enables reciprocal exchange of genetic material between paternal and maternal homologous chromosomes. Here Luo et al.show that MEIOB, a novel meiosis-specific factor identified in a proteomics screen, forms complexes with RPA2 and SPATA22, and is required for meiotic recombination.
- Mengcheng Luo
- , Fang Yang
- & P. Jeremy Wang
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| Open AccessHigh genome heterozygosity and endemic genetic recombination in the wheat stripe rust fungus
Stripe rust is one of the most destructive wheat diseases. Here, Zheng and colleagues report a draft genome sequence of wheat stripe rust fungus, generated using a fosmid-to-fosmid approach, and provide insight into its race evolution and pathogenesis.
- Wenming Zheng
- , Lili Huang
- & Zhensheng Kang
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| Open AccessWall teichoic acid structure governs horizontal gene transfer between major bacterial pathogens
Horizontal gene transfer of mobile genetic elements contributes to bacterial evolution and emergence of new pathogens. Here the authors demonstrate that the highly diverse structure of wall teichoic acid polymers governs horizontal gene transfer among Gram-positive pathogens, even across long phylogenetic distances.
- Volker Winstel
- , Chunguang Liang
- & Guoqing Xia
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| Open AccessWidespread impact of horizontal gene transfer on plant colonization of land
Although horizontal gene transfer is prevalent in microorganisms, such sharing of genetic information is thought to be rare in land plants. Focusing on the sequenced moss species,Physcomitrella patens, these authors report genes acquired from microorganisms, which might have facilitated early evolution of land plants.
- Jipei Yue
- , Xiangyang Hu
- & Jinling Huang
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Article |
Recombinant SINEs are formed at high frequency during induced retrotransposition in vivo
SINEs are retrotransposons that insert exact copies of themselves into genomes. Using a marked copy of a SINE, Yadavet al. show that the sequences of newly transposed SINEs are a combination of marked and existing SINEs, suggesting a mechanism for the formation of mosaic SINEs.
- Vijay Pal Yadav
- , Prabhat Kumar Mandal
- & Sudha Bhattacharya