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Chloroplasts are specialized organelles where photosynthesis occurs, in a highly structured network of membranes, composed of stacked thylakoids interconnected by lamellae. They possess their own DNA and are able to divide. According to the endosymbiotic theory, they originate from engulfed cyanobacteria.
NADP+ is the final electron acceptor for linear electron transfer in photosynthesis. Here, the authors show that the NADP pool size is modulated by its interconversion with NAD via ΔpH regulation in response to varying light conditions.
Targeted editing of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes has therapeutic, agricultural and environmental potential, but it is challenging owing to inability of transfecting (guide) RNA into the organelles. Recent designs of protein-only, programmable base editors open promising avenues for organellar DNA editing in cell lines, animals and plants.
A deep-learning-based ‘organelle segmentation network’ (OrgSegNet), performing pixel-wise segmentation to identify various organelles, is an innovative tool for plant organelle phenotyping and 3D cell reconstruction.
The processes of photosynthesis, aerobic and anaerobic respiration (fermentation) power life on Earth. Here, using mainly green alga Chlamydomonas, the authors find that the weak acids produced during fermentation could chemically suppress both photosynthesis and aerobic respiration.
The chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition, occurring when fruits such as tomato turn from green to red, is critical for plant development and is also important agronomically. Now we see a new route to alter the speed of this transition.
