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| Open AccessQuantitative 3D analysis of complex single border cell behaviors in coordinated collective cell migration
Quantifying cell behavioursin vivo is essential to understanding the mechanisms of collective cell migration. Here the authors present an image analysis toolkit, CCMToolKit, to describe and characterize various modes of coordinated cell movements accompanying collective cell migration in Drosophilaborder cells.
- Adam Cliffe
- , David P. Doupé
- & Weimiao Yu
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Article
| Open AccessFMNL formins boost lamellipodial force generation
Actin polymerization in lamellipodia of cells is regulated by the Arp2/3 complex and FMNL family formins. Here the authors show that both FMNL2 and FMNL3 contribute to lamellipodium protrusion and structure, and abolishing FMNL2/3 reduces protrusion force generation and migration, without affecting Arp2/3 incorporation.
- Frieda Kage
- , Moritz Winterhoff
- & Klemens Rottner
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Article
| Open AccessIdentification of common non-coding variants at 1p22 that are functional for non-syndromic orofacial clefting
Many genetic variants have been associated with complex congenital disorders, but their function is not always clear. Here, the authors develop a pipeline to functionally characterize such variants, and show potential roles for three SNPs in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate.
- Huan Liu
- , Elizabeth J. Leslie
- & Robert A. Cornell
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Article
| Open AccessLoss of ERα induces amoeboid-like migration of breast cancer cells by downregulating vinculin
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-negative cells, which are enriched during endocrine therapy, are associated with metastatic relapse of breast cancer. Here the authors show that ERα inhibits breast cancer metastasis and suggest that ERα suppresses the amoeboid-like migration of breast cancer cells by upregulating vinculin.
- Yuan Gao
- , Zhaowei Wang
- & Yingqi Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessDrebrin-mediated microtubule–actomyosin coupling steers cerebellar granule neuron nucleokinesis and migration pathway selection
Neuronal migration is vital for neuronal circuit morphogenesis and is thought to rely on microtubule-actomyosin crosstalk. Here, the authors use super-resolution imaging and the drebrin microtubule-actin crosslinking protein to show that microtubule-actomyosin coupling controls the direction of centrosome and somal motility.
- Niraj Trivedi
- , Daniel R. Stabley
- & David J. Solecki
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Article
| Open AccessSecreted CLIC3 drives cancer progression through its glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase activity
The secretome from cancer and stromal cells contributes to the creation of a microenvironment, which in turn contributes to invasion and angiogenesis. Here, the authors compare the secretomes of immortalized normal fibroblasts and cancer-derived fibroblast and identify CLIC3 as a driver of cancer progression.
- Juan R. Hernandez-Fernaud
- , Elena Ruengeler
- & Sara Zanivan
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Article
| Open AccessFluid shear stress activates YAP1 to promote cancer cell motility
Fluid frictional forces around cancer cells influence chemokine production and delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs but it is unclear if they directly impact tumour biology through biomechanical effects. Here, the authors show that wall shear stress stimulates cancer cell migration through a ROCK–LIMK–YAP axis.
- Hyun Jung Lee
- , Miguel F. Diaz
- & Pamela L. Wenzel
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Article
| Open AccessDaxx inhibits hypoxia-induced lung cancer cell metastasis by suppressing the HIF-1α/HDAC1/Slug axis
Hypoxia and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition promotes cancer metastasis. Here the authors show that Daxx inhibits hypoxia-induced lung cancer metastasis by attenuating Slug-mediated transcriptional repression of epithelial-like markers that in turn cause cells to exhibit low invasiveness.
- Ching-Wen Lin
- , Lu-Kai Wang
- & Pan-Chyr Yang
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Article
| Open AccessL-type calcium channels regulate filopodia stability and cancer cell invasion downstream of integrin signalling
Filopodia have a prominent role in driving cancer cell invasion. Here, the authors show that L-type calcium channels are a druggable target regulating filopodia stability and maturation into focal adhesions in metastatic breast cancer cells.
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- , Habib Baghirov
- & Johanna Ivaska
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Article
| Open AccessCoordinated integrin activation by actin-dependent force during T-cell migration
The role of force in activating integrin cell adhesion receptors is not known. Here the authors develop fluorescent tension sensors for αL and β2 integrins and show that in migrating T cells force is transduced across the β2 integrin, and that this correlates with an active conformational state.
- Pontus Nordenfelt
- , Hunter L. Elliott
- & Timothy A. Springer
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Article
| Open AccessActomyosin-dependent dynamic spatial patterns of cytoskeletal components drive mesoscale podosome organization
Podosomes are adhesive cytoskeletal structures found in several cell types, but whether or how they are interconnected is not known. Here the authors demonstrate mesoscale connectivity of podosome clusters by imaging directional flow patterns of podosome components vinculin, talin and F-actin.
- Marjolein B. M. Meddens
- , Elvis Pandzic
- & Alessandra Cambi
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Article
| Open AccessLocal microRNA delivery targets Palladin and prevents metastatic breast cancer
MicroRNAs represent potential therapeutic targets to control metastasis progression. Here the authors show that miR-96 and miR-182 regulate invasion via Palladin and demonstrate that local delivery of miR-96 and miR-182 may serve as a potential anti-metastatic drug in breast cancer.
- Avital Gilam
- , João Conde
- & Noam Shomron
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Article
| Open AccessCortical dynamics during cell motility are regulated by CRL3KLHL21 E3 ubiquitin ligase
Although focal adhesions (FAs) and microtubules (MTs) are known to associate, the underlying regulation of this dynamic interaction is not understood. Here the authors discover that the CRL3KLHL21E3 ubiquitin ligase localises to FAs and ubiquitinates the MT plus-tip binding protein EB1, thereby promoting MT and FA dynamics and cell migration.
- Thibault Courtheoux
- , Radoslav I. Enchev
- & Matthias Peter
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Article
| Open AccessMechanosensing by the α6-integrin confers an invasive fibroblast phenotype and mediates lung fibrosis
Matrix stiffening is a feature of pulmonary fibrosis, and is amplified by lung myofibroblasts. Here the authors find that a6 integrin expression is upregulated on lung myofibroblasts in response to matrix stiffness, and this integrin is required for myofibroblast invasion, and fibrosis in an experimental disease model.
- Huaping Chen
- , Jing Qu
- & Yong Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessEndothelial to mesenchymal transition is common in atherosclerotic lesions and is associated with plaque instability
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a crucial developmental process that also plays a role in the pathogenesis of some diseases. Here the authors show that EndMT contributes to the development of atherosclerosis in mice and humans, and is associated with complex human plaques that may be prone to rupture.
- Solene M. Evrard
- , Laura Lecce
- & Jason C. Kovacic
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Article
| Open AccessTreg engage lymphotoxin beta receptor for afferent lymphatic transendothelial migration
Lymphotoxin regulates lymphoid organ architecture and adhesion molecules involved in lymphocyte trafficking. Here the authors show that lymphotoxin produced by regulatory T cells promotes their migration to the draining lymph nodes by engaging its cognate receptor on lymphatic endothelial cells.
- C. Colin Brinkman
- , Daiki Iwami
- & Jonathan S. Bromberg
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Article
| Open AccessIn vivo modulation of endothelial polarization by Apelin receptor signalling
Endothelial cells align in the direction of flow in response to shear stress. Here the authors describe a zebrafish model for visualization of endothelial polarization and demonstrate that endothelial cell alignment depends on blood flow and Apelin signalling.
- Hyouk-Bum Kwon
- , Shengpeng Wang
- & Didier Y. R. Stainier
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Article
| Open AccessA lateral signalling pathway coordinates shape volatility during cell migration
Migrating cells display dynamic morphologies that are coordinated by signalling pathways. Here the authors identify a lateral signalling pathway, comprised of the planar cell polarity protein Pk1 and Arhgap21/23, that regulates fluctuations in cell shape during productive cell migration.
- Liang Zhang
- , Valbona Luga
- & Jeffrey L. Wrana
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Article
| Open AccessIn vivo epidermal migration requires focal adhesion targeting of ACF7
The spectraplakin protein ACF7 binds to actin at focal adhesions and targets microtubule plus ends to focal adhesions, promoting their disassembly. Here the authors reveal that ACF7 is phosphorylated by Src/FAK, and this regulates actin binding and focal adhesion dynamics in vitro and in vivo.
- Jiping Yue
- , Yao Zhang
- & Xiaoyang Wu
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Article
| Open AccessHIF-1α-PDK1 axis-induced active glycolysis plays an essential role in macrophage migratory capacity
Migration to the inflamed tissue demands energy production in an increasingly hypoxic environment. Here the authors show that during migration, HIF1α-induced PDK1 uniquely adapts macrophage metabolism to mild hypoxia by promoting glycolysis while preserving cytochrome c oxidase activity.
- Hiroaki Semba
- , Norihiko Takeda
- & Issei Komuro
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Article
| Open AccessCytoplasmic cyclin D1 regulates cell invasion and metastasis through the phosphorylation of paxillin
Previous studies suggest that Cyclin D1 may regulate cell adhesion and migration but the mechanisms underlying such regulation and the relevance to cancer development are unknown. Here, Fusté et al. show that Cyclin D1/Cdk4 phosphorylates paxillin and thereby promotes cellular migration and metastasis.
- Noel P. Fusté
- , Rita Fernández-Hernández
- & Eloi Garí
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Article
| Open AccessRAS signalling through PI3-Kinase controls cell migration via modulation of Reelin expression
Ras signalling through PI3K kinase has an important role in tumour initiation and progression. Here, the authors show that the interaction of Ras with PI3-Kinase p110α and the subsequent activation of Rac-GTPase impairs cell -cell interaction by blocking the downstream Reelin/E-cadherin, thus resulting in cell migration.
- Esther Castellano
- , Miriam Molina-Arcas
- & Julian Downward
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Article
| Open AccessAncient human sialic acid variant restricts an emerging zoonotic malaria parasite
Plasmodium knowlesi infects macaques and can cause malaria in humans. Here, Dankwa et al. show that the absence of a sialic-acid component on the surface of macaque red blood cells (RBCs) limits infection of human RBCs with P. knowlesi, but the parasite can adapt to invade human RBCs by using alternative pathways.
- Selasi Dankwa
- , Caeul Lim
- & Manoj T. Duraisingh
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Article
| Open AccessCellular forces and matrix assembly coordinate fibrous tissue repair
Planar in vitromodels for wound closure stress the role of lamellipodial protrusions and purse-string contraction. Here the authors develop a 3D biomimetic model for tissue repair and show a mode of stromal closure that relies on whole tissue deformations, cell migration and matrix deposition.
- Mahmut Selman Sakar
- , Jeroen Eyckmans
- & Christopher S. Chen
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Article
| Open AccessPerinuclear Arp2/3-driven actin polymerization enables nuclear deformation to facilitate cell migration through complex environments
Cell migration through micrometric constraints is limited by low deformability of the nucleus. Here the authors show that in dendritic cells a perinuclear actin network nucleated by Arp2/3 increases nuclear deformation and allows the cells to pass through narrow constrictions, likely by rupturing the nuclear lamina.
- Hawa-Racine Thiam
- , Pablo Vargas
- & Matthieu Piel
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Article
| Open AccessCadherin-11 localizes to focal adhesions and promotes cell–substrate adhesion
Cadherins are typically involved in cell-cell adhesion, however cadherin-11 promotes cell migration through an undefined mechanism. Langhe et al.show that cadherin-11 mediates adhesion to the cell matrix at focal adhesions through interaction with syndecan-4.
- Rahul P. Langhe
- , Tetyana Gudzenko
- & Jubin Kashef
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Article
| Open AccessTOM1L1 drives membrane delivery of MT1-MMP to promote ERBB2-induced breast cancer cell invasion
ERBB2 overexpression in human breast cancer leads to invasion and metastasis. Here the authors report that ERBB2 induces indirect phosphorylation of TOM1L1 that promotes trafficking of the metalloprotease MT1-MMP to invadopodia, which leads to tumour cell invasion.
- Clément Chevalier
- , Guillaume Collin
- & Christine Benistant
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Article
| Open AccessDifferential Rac1 signalling by guanine nucleotide exchange factors implicates FLII in regulating Rac1-driven cell migration
The small GTPase Rac1 regulates various cellular processes, including cell migration. However, Rac1 can have opposing migratory effects. Here the authors show that two guanine nucleotide exchange factors, Tiam1 and P-Rex1, differentially regulate the Rac1 interactome to determine the downstream phenotype.
- Hadir Marei
- , Alejandro Carpy
- & Angeliki Malliri
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Article
| Open AccessThe histone variant H2A.X is a regulator of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition
The histone H2A variants are involved in DNA repair, gene regulation and cancer development. In this study, the authors unravel an additional role for H2A.X in the regulation of mesenchymal-like traits and activation of the EMT transcription factors, Slug and ZEB1, in colon cancer cells.
- Urbain Weyemi
- , Christophe E. Redon
- & William M. Bonner
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Article
| Open AccessThe mRNA-edited form of GABRA3 suppresses GABRA3-mediated Akt activation and breast cancer metastasis
GABRA3, a subunit of the GABA receptor, is often highly expressed in brain metastasis and breast cancers. Here, the authors demonstrated that GABRA3 activates AKT to promote breast cancer cell invasion and that the A-to-I edited form of GABRA3, specifically expressed in noninvasive breast cancers, can suppress the function of wild type GABRA3.
- Kiranmai Gumireddy
- , Anping Li
- & Qihong Huang
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Article
| Open AccessSelective silicate-directed motility in diatoms
Diatoms often dominate production in aquatic communities, but the amount of available dissolved silicic acid (dSi) limits their growth. Here, Bondoc et al., show that diatoms perceive gradients in dSi, and can increase the encounter with this resource by chemotaxis toward high concentrations under resource-limited conditions.
- Karen Grace V. Bondoc
- , Jan Heuschele
- & Georg Pohnert
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Article
| Open AccessReconciling diverse mammalian pigmentation patterns with a fundamental mathematical model
How embryonic melanoblast behaviour influences adult pigmentation patterns and causes patterning defects is unclear. Here, Mort et al. construct a stochastic model parameterised experimentally to show that melanoblast migration is undirected and that reduced proliferation causes patterning defects.
- Richard L. Mort
- , Robert J. H. Ross
- & Christian A. Yates
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Article
| Open AccessVinculin controls talin engagement with the actomyosin machinery
The mechanosensitive proteins talin and vinculin mediate the linkage between integrin-bound extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. Here the authors dissect distinct roles for two actin-binding sites within talin on adhesion complex assembly and maturation, which are regulated by vinculin binding to talin.
- Paul Atherton
- , Ben Stutchbury
- & Christoph Ballestrem
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Article
| Open AccessAnkyrin-mediated self-protection during cell invasion by the bacterial predator Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
The bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus invades and kills other bacteria, but it is unclear how it avoids degradation of its own cell wall. Here the authors identify the B. bacteriovorusprotein Bd3460 as an endopeptidase inhibitor that prevents hydrolysis of the predator’s peptidoglycan during invasion of prey.
- Carey Lambert
- , Ian T. Cadby
- & Andrew L. Lovering
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Article
| Open AccessDifferential epigenetic reprogramming in response to specific endocrine therapies promotes cholesterol biosynthesis and cellular invasion
How breast cancer cells adapt to individual therapies targeting the oestrogen receptor alpha is poorly understood. Here the authors show resistance emerging through differential epigenetic reprogramming that activates the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.
- Van T. M. Nguyen
- , Iros Barozzi
- & Luca Magnani
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Article
| Open AccessFormin and capping protein together embrace the actin filament in a ménage à trois
Formins promote actin filament polymerization and capping protein blocks polymerization; both proteins are thought to exclude each other from barbed ends. Here the authors show that both proteins can simultaneously bind barbed ends in a ternary complex while enhancing each other's dissociation from the barbed end.
- Shashank Shekhar
- , Mikael Kerleau
- & Marie-France Carlier
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Article
| Open AccessLocal 3D matrix microenvironment regulates cell migration through spatiotemporal dynamics of contractility-dependent adhesions
Little is known about how the physical properties of three dimensional (3D) extracellular matrices modulate cell adhesion dynamics. Here Doyle et al.generate 3D collagen gels of varying microarchitecture and quantify the effect on adhesion dynamics and cell motility.
- Andrew D. Doyle
- , Nicole Carvajal
- & Kenneth M. Yamada
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-throughput 3D tracking of bacteria on a standard phase contrast microscope
Microscopy techniques used to study the movement of swimming microbes are limited to two dimensions or require sophisticated devices. Here, Taute et al. present a simple method for high-throughput 3D tracking of bacteria using standard phase contrast microscopy.
- K.M. Taute
- , S. Gude
- & T.S. Shimizu
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Article
| Open AccessIRSp53 senses negative membrane curvature and phase separates along membrane tubules
The inverted-BAR domain protein IRSp53 associates with the inner leaflet of tubular membranes such as filopodia. Here, Prévostet al. demonstrate that the I-BAR domain of IRSp53 senses negative membrane curvature, and undergoes phase separation which may aid its clustering upon filopodia generation.
- Coline Prévost
- , Hongxia Zhao
- & Patricia Bassereau
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Article |
Sleep disruption impairs haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice
How can you increase the success of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation? In mice, Rolls et al. identify sleep in the donor as an important factor, finding that less sleep leads to 50% lower HSC engraftment, via miR-19b and suppressor of cytokine signaling genes, which prevent HSC homing.
- Asya Rolls
- , Wendy W. Pang
- & Luis de Lecea
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Article
| Open AccessMigration of germline progenitor cells is directed by sphingosine-1-phosphate signalling in a basal chordate
The regulation of germ cell migration in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri is poorly understood. In this chordate, Kassmer et al. identify sphingosine-1-phosphate as regulating germ cell migration in vitroand homing of cells to newly developing bodies in live organisms.
- Susannah H. Kassmer
- , Delany Rodriguez
- & Anthony W. De Tomaso
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Article
| Open AccessKCNJ15/Kir4.2 couples with polyamines to sense weak extracellular electric fields in galvanotaxis
Directed cell migration in weak electric fields is known as galvanotaxis, but the cellular sensor and mechanism is not known. Here Nakajima et al. identify inwardly rectifying K+channel Kir4.2 as an important mediator of galvanotaxis, that depends on the cytoplasmic distribution of intracellular polyamines.
- Ken-ichi Nakajima
- , Kan Zhu
- & Min Zhao
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Article
| Open AccessStonin1 mediates endocytosis of the proteoglycan NG2 and regulates focal adhesion dynamics and cell motility
Signalling is often fine-tuned by the exo-endocytic cycling of cell surface receptors. Here, the authors show that the endocytic adaptor protein Stonin1 is important for the endocytosis of NG2, a co-receptor for extracellular matrix and growth factors, and that loss of Stonin1 alters cell motility.
- Fabian Feutlinske
- , Marietta Browarski
- & Tanja Maritzen
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Article
| Open AccessA RIAM/lamellipodin–talin–integrin complex forms the tip of sticky fingers that guide cell migration
The leading edge of migrating cells contains activated integrins associated with growing actin filaments that form ‘sticky fingers’ to guide cell migration. Here, the authors detect a complex of MRL proteins, talin and activated integrins in lamellipodia and filopodia in living cells, comprising the tips of the ‘sticky fingers’.
- Frederic Lagarrigue
- , Praju Vikas Anekal
- & Mark H. Ginsberg
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Article
| Open AccessA resilient formin-derived cortical actin meshwork in the rear drives actomyosin-based motility in 2D confinement
Amoeboid motility is driven by actomyosin-based contraction and exploits differences in the mechanical properties of the cortical cytoskeleton. Here the authors discover that mDia1-like formin A is responsible for generating a subset of actin filaments at the rear of Dictyosteliumthat suppresses lateral protrusions and blebbing during 2D-confined migration.
- Nagendran Ramalingam
- , Christof Franke
- & Jan Faix
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NACA deficiency reveals the crucial role of somite-derived stromal cells in haematopoietic niche formation
How do stromal cells contribute to the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche? In zebrafish, Murayama et al. identify somite-derived stromal cells in the first niche where HSCs home, and depletion of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex alpha subunit in these cells prevents HSC maturation.
- Emi Murayama
- , Milka Sarris
- & Philippe Herbomel
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Article
| Open AccessTrkB/BDNF signalling patterns the sympathetic nervous system
The signals that pattern the sympathetic nervous system are not fully understood. Here the authors show that the dorsal migration of the primary sympathetic ganglia in chick embryos is orchestrated by BDNF/TrkB signalling and requires contact with preganglionic axons.
- Jennifer C. Kasemeier-Kulesa
- , Jason A. Morrison
- & Paul M. Kulesa
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Article
| Open AccessSperm navigation along helical paths in 3D chemoattractant landscapes
Sperm use external cues to find the egg using ill-defined principles. Here the authors use holographic microscopy and optochemical tools to study sperm swimming in light-sculpted chemical 3D landscapes; they show that sperm translate the temporal stimulation pattern into multiple swimming behaviours to orient deterministically in a gradient.
- Jan F. Jikeli
- , Luis Alvarez
- & U. Benjamin Kaupp
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Article
| Open AccessA role for E-cadherin in ensuring cohesive migration of a heterogeneous population of non-epithelial cells
Collective cell migration underlies the morphogenesis of many organs, and often involves heterogeneous cell types. Here the authors show a role for the adhesion molecule E-cadherin in maintaining the attachment of mesenchymal cells during Drosophilaposterior midgut development.
- Kyra Campbell
- & Jordi Casanova