Biological sciences articles within Nature Communications

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    Men are often more willing to compete compared to women, which may contribute to gender differences in wages and career advancement. Here, the authors show that ‘power priming’ - encouraging people to imagine themselves in a situation of power - can close the gender gap in competitiveness.

    • Loukas Balafoutas
    • , Helena Fornwagner
    •  & Matthias Sutter

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Termination of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription is an essential step of gene expression. Here the authors provide evidence that in fission yeast termination of ncRNA genes occurs by a cleavage-dependent mechanism involving recruitment of mRNA 3′ end processing factors and requires the conserved Ysh1/CPSF-73 and Dhp1/XRN2 nucleases.

    • Marc Larochelle
    • , Marc-Antoine Robert
    •  & François Bachand

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) is regulated by different promoters to generate two isoforms, one of which functions as a tumor suppressor. Here, the authors reveal that induction of the alternative isoform in hepatocellular carcinoma inhibits the circadian clock by repressing BMAL1, and the reintroduction of BMAL1 prevents HCC tumor growth.

    • Baharan Fekry
    • , Aleix Ribas-Latre
    •  & Kristin Eckel-Mahan

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Inteins can act as post-translational environmental sensors in vivo. Here the authors characterize two inteins present in the Mycobacterium smegmatis replicative helicase DnaB that display distinct splicing behaviors and are differentially sensitive to inhibition by biological stressors and propose that splicing inhibition could modulate DnaB levels to protect the cell against replication stress.

    • Danielle S. Kelley
    • , Christopher W. Lennon
    •  & Marlene Belfort

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Rhabdopeptides are synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) and the multiple NRPS subunits interact through docking domains (DD). Here the authors provide insights into DD interaction patterns and present the structures of three N-terminal docking domains (NDD) and a NDD-CDD complex and derive a set of recognition rules for DD interactions.

    • Carolin Hacker
    • , Xiaofeng Cai
    •  & Jens Wöhnert

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The early molecular events that ultimately lead to neuronal cell death in pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease are poorly understood. Here the authors use pluripotent stem-cell-derived human midbrain neurons and chemical biology tools to gain molecular level insight into the events induced by toxic and genetic stresses that mimic those occurring during neurodegeneration.

    • Sarah Kishinevsky
    • , Tai Wang
    •  & Lorenz Studer

  • Article
    | Open Access

    In the ventral basal ganglia circuit, the ventral pallidum (VP) receives major inputs from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and is involved in reward processing. Here, the authors report that, contrary to the accepted model, signals related to the relative value of reward in VP emerge before NAc and are more robust.

    • David Ottenheimer
    • , Jocelyn M. Richard
    •  & Patricia H. Janak

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Climate change may impact forest disturbances, though local variability is high. Here, Sommerfeld et al. show that disturbance patterns across the temperate biome vary with agents and tree traits, yet large disturbances are consistently linked to warmer and drier than average conditions.

    • Andreas Sommerfeld
    • , Cornelius Senf
    •  & Rupert Seidl

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Tumour heterogeneity hinders translation of large-scale genomic data into the clinic. Here the authors develop a method for the stratification of cancer patients based on the molecular gene status, including genetic interactions, rather than clinico-histological data, and apply it to TCGA data for over 8000 cases across 22 cancer types.

    • Jack Kuipers
    • , Thomas Thurnherr
    •  & Niko Beerenwinkel

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a major drug in the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Here the authors reveal a mechanism of RSK/MSK inhibition through covalent inhibition that can explain the observed clinical effects and the dose–response characteristics of DMF treatment.

    • Jacob Lauwring Andersen
    • , Borbala Gesser
    •  & Poul Nissen

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The cardiac autonomic nervous system produces various neuropeptides, such as neurokinin substance-P (Sub-P), whose function remains largely unclear. Here, authors show that Sub-P causes a receptor-mediated prolongation of the atrial action potential through a reduced background potassium current, and prevents atrial fibrillation.

    • Marieke W. Veldkamp
    • , Guillaume S. C. Geuzebroek
    •  & Ruben Coronel

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Ischemic reperfusion or nutrient deprivation that produces reactive oxygen species can lead to a loss of muscle contractile function. Here the authors show that glutathionylation of the lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 contributes to degradation or disassembly of sarcomeres.

    • Dhanushka N. P. Munkanatta Godage
    • , Garrett C. VanHecke
    •  & Young-Hoon Ahn

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The halictid bee Lasioglossum albipes has both solitary and eusocial individuals, making it a model for social evolution. Here, Kocher et al. identify a genetic variation associated with this social polymorphism, including a variant that can regulate the expression of an autism-associated gene, syntaxin 1a.

    • Sarah D. Kocher
    • , Ricardo Mallarino
    •  & Naomi E. Pierce

  • Article
    | Open Access

    It was previously suggested that formation of RNA secondary structure tends to bring the 5′ and 3′ ends of RNA into close proximity. Here the authors use experimental and computational approaches to show that mRNAs and lncRNAs have an intrinsic propensity to fold into structures in which the 5′ end and 3′ end are ≤7 nm apart irrespective of length.

    • Wan-Jung C. Lai
    • , Mohammad Kayedkhordeh
    •  & Dmitri N. Ermolenko

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The FtsZ protein assembles into a structure known as ‘Z-ring’ at midcell for bacterial cell division. Here, Söderström et al. show that Z-ring assembly and dynamics in E. coli cells with unnatural shapes, such as squares and hearts, are generally similar to those observed in cells with normal shape.

    • Bill Söderström
    • , Alexander Badrutdinov
    •  & Ulf Skoglund

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Interfering RNA have a range of therapeutic and research based applications, issues with delivery have made systems that make siRNA in situ of interest. Here, the author report on the creation of a DNA hydrogel with improved stability and transcription efficiency over plasmid DNA.

    • Jaejung Song
    • , Minhyuk Lee
    •  & Nokyoung Park

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Enzymes of the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) family reduce Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions to facilitate metal-ion uptake by mammalian cells. Here, authors employ single-particle cryo-EM to gain insights into the molecular principles of iron reduction by human STEAP4 .

    • Wout Oosterheert
    • , Laura S. van Bezouwen
    •  & Piet Gros

  • Article
    | Open Access

    To prevent ligand-independent dimerisation the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is autoinhibited by an extracellular dimer interaction. Here, the authors use several imaging technologies and simulations to provide structural insights on the inactive species and on how intracellular mutations circumvent the autoinhibition of the basal state.

    • Laura C. Zanetti-Domingues
    • , Dimitrios Korovesis
    •  & Marisa L. Martin-Fernandez

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The MILL (MHC-I-like located near the leukocyte receptor complex) family is a group of related nonclassical MHC-I molecules. Here the authors present the crystal structure of MILL2, which reveals an unusual interdomain flexibility, and show that MILL2 binds heparan sulfate on the surface of fibroblasts through a basic patch.

    • Mizuho Kajikawa
    • , Toyoyuki Ose
    •  & Katsumi Maenaka

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The decision when to stop an intervention is a critical component of parasite elimination programmes, but reliance on surveillance data alone can be inaccurate. Here, Michael et al. combine parasite transmission model predictions with disease survey data to more reliably determine when interventions can be stopped.

    • Edwin Michael
    • , Morgan E. Smith
    •  & Frank O. Richards

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Screening methods for early detection of ovarian cancer is technically difficult. Here, the authors investigated circulating microRNA in human blood serum and developed a model using 10 microRNAs to discern between ovarian cancer and being ovarian tumors, solid tumors, and non-cancer patients.

    • Akira Yokoi
    • , Juntaro Matsuzaki
    •  & Takahiro Ochiya

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Paternal contributions to epigenetic inheritance via nucleosomes are poorly understood, as sperm in many organisms replace the majority of nucleosomes with protamines. Here the authors provide evidence that Caenorhabditis elegans sperm retain histone packaging of the genome and provide a histone-based epigenetic memory that is important for germ cell development in offspring.

    • Tomoko M. Tabuchi
    • , Andreas Rechtsteiner
    •  & Susan Strome

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The Mitotic Exit Network (MEN) promotes mitotic exit and cytokinesis but if and how MEN independently controls these two processes is unclear. Here, the authors report that MEN displaces septins from the cell division site to promote actomyosin ring constriction, independently of MEN control of mitotic exit.

    • Davide Tamborrini
    • , Maria Angeles Juanes
    •  & Simonetta Piatti

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Little is known about how stimuli of different intensities result in different behavioral outcomes in C. elegans. In this study, the authors demonstrate how distinct signal patterns, involving different glutamate receptors, in a single interneuron AIB can encode differential behavioral outputs depending on the stimulus intensity

    • Wenjuan Zou
    • , Jiajun Fu
    •  & Tao Xu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Photosensitizers delivered to mitochondria of cancer cells can enhance photodynamic therapy. Here, the authors report mitochondria-targeted radiation therapy and radiodynamic therapy of colorectal cancer models with a cationic nanoscale metal-organic framework to overcome shallow light penetration of Ru-based photosensitizers.

    • Kaiyuan Ni
    • , Guangxu Lan
    •  & Wenbin Lin

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Common genetic variants in structural proteins contribute to risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, using whole-exome sequencing, the authors identify rare truncating variants in TTN that associate with familial and early-onset AF and show defects in cardiac sarcomere assembly in ttn.2-mutant zebrafish.

    • Gustav Ahlberg
    • , Lena Refsgaard
    •  & Morten S. Olesen

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells (PGCLCs) are an in vitro model for primordial germ cell development. Here, the authors couple a novel compound reporter with CRISPR screening to identify key genes for exit from pluripotency and acquisition of PGCLC fate; specifically identifying Nr5a2 and Zfp296.

    • Jamie A. Hackett
    • , Yun Huang
    •  & M. Azim Surani

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The success of extinction learning is not predictive of long-term retrieval of an extinction memory. Using fMRI to study consolidation of fear extinction in human subjects, the authors show that reactivation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during memory retrieval predicts extinction memory retrieval, and that increasing dopaminergic signaling increases the number of these activations.

    • A. M. V. Gerlicher
    • , O. Tüscher
    •  & R. Kalisch

  • Article
    | Open Access

    PWWP2A is a chromatin-binding transcriptional regulator that mediates mitosis-progression. Here, the authors provide evidence that PWWP2A directly interacts with H2A.Z nucleosomes, DNA and H3K36me3, binds to an MTA1-specific subcomplex of the NuRD complex (M1HR) and promotes changes to histone acetylation.

    • Stephanie Link
    • , Ramona M. M. Spitzer
    •  & Sandra B. Hake

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Our brains predict the likely sensory consequences of actions we take; one theory is that these sensory responses are suppressed, but another theory is that they are sharpened. Here, the authors show using fMRI evidence consistent with the sharpening account for sensory consequences of hand movements.

    • Daniel Yon
    • , Sam J. Gilbert
    •  & Clare Press

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Olfaction, the sense of smell, may have originally evolved to aid navigation in space, but there is no direct evidence of a link between olfaction and navigation in humans. Here the authors show that olfaction and spatial memory abilities are correlated and rely on similar brain regions in humans.

    • Louisa Dahmani
    • , Raihaan M. Patel
    •  & Véronique D. Bohbot

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Hidden hearing loss (HHL) arises through subtle damage to the synapses of hair cells in the inner ear before audiograms reveal hearing threshold shifts. Here, the authors report that HHL in a mouse model disrupts the neural encoding of loud sound environments in the central auditory system.

    • Warren Michael Henry Bakay
    • , Lucy Anne Anderson
    •  & Roland Schaette

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The type III secretion system effectors NleB and SseK are glycosyltransferases (GT) that specifically glycosylate arginine residues. Here the authors provide insights into their mechanism by combining X-ray crystallography, NMR, enzyme kinetics measurements, molecular dynamics simulations and in vivo experiments and show that SseK/NleB enzymes are retaining GTs.

    • Jun Bae Park
    • , Young Hun Kim
    •  & Hyun-Soo Cho

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Research on racial and ethnic influence on breast cancer mortality is stymied by a lack of genomic studies in diverse populations. Here, the authors genomically interrogate 194 Nigerian breast cancers, unveiling molecular features that could explain the high mortality rate from breast cancer in an indigenous African population.

    • Jason J. Pitt
    • , Markus Riester
    •  & Jordi Barretina

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