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Nuclear genetic control of mtDNA copy number and heteroplasmy in humans
We quantify mitochondrial DNA copy number and heteroplasmy levels and study their association with nuclear genetic loci in population-scale biobanks.
- Rahul Gupta
- , Masahiro Kanai
- & Vamsi K. Mootha
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Article
| Open Access
Structural evidence for intermediates during O2 formation in photosystem II
Using serial femtosecond X-ray cystallography, we provide structural insights into the final reaction step of Kok’s photosynthetic water oxidation cycle, specifically the S3→[S4]→S0 transition where O2 is formed.
- Asmit Bhowmick
- , Rana Hussein
- & Vittal K. Yachandra
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Article
| Open Access
The electron–proton bottleneck of photosynthetic oxygen evolution
Microsecond infrared spectroscopy together with quantum chemistry reveal the rate-determining proton and electron movements and identify an oxygen-radical state of the manganese cluster as the S4 state.
- Paul Greife
- , Matthias Schönborn
- & Holger Dau
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Photosynthesis re-wired on the pico-second timescale
By using in vivo ultrafast TA spectroscopy, extraction of electrons directly from photoexcited PSI and PSII in cyanobacterial cells using exogenous electron mediators is demonstrated.
- Tomi K. Baikie
- , Laura T. Wey
- & Jenny Z. Zhang
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Article |
Phototrophy by antenna-containing rhodopsin pumps in aquatic environments
Light energy transfer from abundant hydroxylated carotenoids to the retinal moiety of widespread light-driven proton pumps is detected.
- Ariel Chazan
- , Ishita Das
- & Oded Béjà
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Article |
A universal coupling mechanism of respiratory complex I
Cryo-electron microscopy studies of Escherichia coli complex I suggest a conserved mechanism of coupled proton transfers and electrostatic interactions that result in proton ejection from the complex exclusively at the distal NuoL subunit.
- Vladyslav Kravchuk
- , Olga Petrova
- & Leonid Sazanov
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Article |
Alternative photosynthesis pathways drive the algal CO2-concentrating mechanism
The CO2-concentrating mechanism of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is dependent on pH gradients generated by both cyclic electron flow and O2 photoreduction.
- Adrien Burlacot
- , Ousmane Dao
- & Gilles Peltier
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Article |
Architecture of the chloroplast PSI–NDH supercomplex in Hordeum vulgare
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the photosystem I–NADH dehydrogenase-like supercomplex in barley provide structural details to elucidate the functions and regulation of photosystem I-dependent cyclic electron transport in chloroplasts.
- Liangliang Shen
- , Kailu Tang
- & Xing Zhang
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Article |
Structure and assembly of the mammalian mitochondrial supercomplex CIII2CIV
SCAF1 is solely required for supercomplex CIII2CIV assembly and is not involved in the formation of the respirasome (supercomplex CICIII2CIV)
- Irene Vercellino
- & Leonid A. Sazanov
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Article |
Structure of mycobacterial ATP synthase bound to the tuberculosis drug bedaquiline
Structures of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATP synthase provide insights into how the enzyme conserves energy by autoinhibition of ATP hydrolysis and the mechanism of action of bedaquiline, a drug used in treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
- Hui Guo
- , Gautier M. Courbon
- & John L. Rubinstein
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Article |
Ultrafast structural changes within a photosynthetic reaction centre
Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography is used to reveal the structural changes that stabilize the charge-separation steps of electron-transfer reactions in the photosynthetic reaction centre of Blastochloris viridis on a timescale of picoseconds.
- Robert Dods
- , Petra Båth
- & Richard Neutze
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Article |
Na+ controls hypoxic signalling by the mitochondrial respiratory chain
Na+ controls the function of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system and hypoxic redox signalling through an unexpected interaction with phospholipids.
- Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- , Carmen Choya-Foces
- & Antonio Martínez-Ruiz
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Article |
Cryo-EM structure of the spinach cytochrome b6 f complex at 3.6 Å resolution
A 3.6 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the dimeric cytochrome b6f complex from spinach reveals the structural basis for operation of the quinol cycle and its redox-sensing function.
- Lorna A. Malone
- , Pu Qian
- & Matthew P. Johnson
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H+ transport is an integral function of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier
The mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier mediates the proton leak in mitochondria from all tissues that lack UCP1, thereby linking coupled (ATP production) and uncoupled (thermogenesis) energy conversion.
- Ambre M. Bertholet
- , Edward T. Chouchani
- & Yuriy Kirichok
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Letter |
Structure of the complex I-like molecule NDH of oxygenic photosynthesis
The structure of NDH, a photosynthetic membrane-protein complex that is related to respiratory complex I, is obtained by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy.
- Thomas G. Laughlin
- , Andrew N. Bayne
- & Karen M. Davies
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Letter |
A flavin-based extracellular electron transfer mechanism in diverse Gram-positive bacteria
The Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes pathogen possesses a distinctive extracellular electron transfer mechanism, which is probably present in numerous ecologically diverse species of the Firmcutes phylum.
- Samuel H. Light
- , Lin Su
- & Daniel A. Portnoy
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Letter |
Structure of the alternative complex III in a supercomplex with cytochrome oxidase
The structure of alternative complex III, a key enzyme in the bacterial electron transport chain, is reported both alone and as a supercomplex with an aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase.
- Chang Sun
- , Samir Benlekbir
- & Robert B. Gennis
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Article |
Structure of photosynthetic LH1–RC supercomplex at 1.9 Å resolution
The structure of the Thermochromatium tepidum calcium-ion-bound light-harvesting–reaction centre (LH1–RC) supercomplex, which performs the primary reactions of photosynthesis in purple photosynthetic bacteria, is resolved to the atomic level.
- Long-Jiang Yu
- , Michihiro Suga
- & Jian-Ren Shen
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Article |
Crystal structures of the gastric proton pump
Crystal structures of the gastric proton pump in complex with two inhibitory drugs reveal the mechanism that generates the steep acidic gradient across the membranes of parietal cells.
- Kazuhiro Abe
- , Katsumasa Irie
- & Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
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Letter |
An electric-eel-inspired soft power source from stacked hydrogels
Miniature hydrogel compartments in scalable stacked and folded geometries were used to prepare a contact-activated artificial electric organ.
- Thomas B. H. Schroeder
- , Anirvan Guha
- & Michael Mayer
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Article |
Structure of phycobilisome from the red alga Griffithsia pacifica
Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy is used to resolve the structure of the phycobilisome, a 16.8-megadalton light-harvesting megacomplex, from the red alga Griffithsia pacifica at a resolution of 3.5 Å.
- Jun Zhang
- , Jianfei Ma
- & Sen-Fang Sui
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Letter |
Light-induced structural changes and the site of O=O bond formation in PSII caught by XFEL
A new approach, time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography, is used to view the intermediate states of a photosystem complex following illumination, shedding light on proton transfer and O=O bond formation.
- Michihiro Suga
- , Fusamichi Akita
- & Jian-Ren Shen
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Letter |
Structure of photosystem II and substrate binding at room temperature
The structures of three intermediate states of photosystem II, which is crucial for photosynthesis, have been solved at room temperature, shedding new light on this process.
- Iris D. Young
- , Mohamed Ibrahim
- & Junko Yano
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Letter |
Atomic model for the membrane-embedded VO motor of a eukaryotic V-ATPase
The structure of the VO subcomplex of yeast V-ATPase, solved by electron cryomicroscopy, reveals a new subunit and suggests a mechanism for the translocation of protons across membranes.
- Mohammad T. Mazhab-Jafari
- , Alexis Rohou
- & John L. Rubinstein
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Article |
Structural insight into the role of the Ton complex in energy transduction
Structural studies shed light on the function and stoichiometry of the Ton complex, which harnesses the proton motive force across the bacterial inner membrane to transduce energy to the outer membrane.
- Hervé Celia
- , Nicholas Noinaj
- & Susan K. Buchanan
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Letter |
Atomic structure of the entire mammalian mitochondrial complex I
The atomic structure of ovine mitochondrial complex I is solved at 3.9 Å resolution, revealing that supernumerary subunits stabilize the complex and providing insight into the molecular basis of its function and regulation.
- Karol Fiedorczuk
- , James A. Letts
- & Leonid A. Sazanov
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Letter |
Electron cryomicroscopy observation of rotational states in a eukaryotic V-ATPase
Electron cryomicroscopy shows structures of three distinct rotational states of the V-ATPase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- Jianhua Zhao
- , Samir Benlekbir
- & John L. Rubinstein
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Letter |
Horizontal membrane-intrinsic α-helices in the stator a-subunit of an F-type ATP synthase
Electron cryomicroscopy of a complete mitochondrial ATP-synthase dimer reveals the elusive structure of the essential a-subunit.
- Matteo Allegretti
- , Niklas Klusch
- & Karen M. Davies
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Letter |
Native structure of photosystem II at 1.95 Å resolution viewed by femtosecond X-ray pulses
The radiation-damage-free structure of the photosystem II membrane protein complex, which oxidizes water into dioxygen in an oxygen evolving complex, has been determined by an X-ray free electron laser at a resolution of 1.95 Å; one of the substrate oxygen atoms in this reaction is now identified.
- Michihiro Suga
- , Fusamichi Akita
- & Jian-Ren Shen
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Brief Communications Arising |
The ‘mitoflash’ probe cpYFP does not respond to superoxide
- Markus Schwarzländer
- , Stephan Wagner
- & Michael P. Murphy
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Letter |
A structure-based mechanism for tRNA and retroviral RNA remodelling during primer annealing
To prime reverse transcription of Moloney murine leukaemia virus, a transfer RNA molecule must bind two regions of the retroviral RNA, the primer binding site (PBS) and primer activation signal within the U5-PBS; here, the NMR structures of the U5-PBS RNA and tRNA primer are solved, with and without the retroviral nucleocapsid protein, which remodels these regions.
- Sarah B. Miller
- , F. Zehra Yildiz
- & Victoria M. D’Souza
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Article |
Crystal structure of the entire respiratory complex I
The atomic-resolution structure of the entire respiratory complex I is reported, with the resolution high enough to map out the locations and orientations of nearly all amino-acid side chains—some of which link to human neurodegenerative diseases—and reveals which amino-acid interactions take place at the hydrophilic domain–membrane domain interface.
- Rozbeh Baradaran
- , John M. Berrisford
- & Leonid A. Sazanov
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Letter |
Rotation mechanism of Enterococcus hirae V1-ATPase based on asymmetric crystal structures
Several crystal structures of the rotary motor of bacterial V-ATPase are solved at high resolution, representing different asymmetric structures and enabling the prediction of a model for the rotational mechanism of V1-ATPase.
- Satoshi Arai
- , Shinya Saijo
- & Takeshi Murata
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Oxygen-evolving photosystem II structures during S1–S2–S3 transitions
The energetics of genome complexity