Anatomy articles within Nature Reviews Cardiology

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  • Research Highlight |

    A new study reveals that the disrupted sleep patterns that are frequently observed in patients with cardiac disease are driven by immune-mediated sympathetic denervation and dysfunction of the pineal gland, which leads to a decrease in the circulating levels of melatonin and subsequent sleep disruption.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Research Highlight |

    Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells specific for the cardiac protein α-myosin heavy chain have a key role in immune-checkpoint-inhibitor-associated myocarditis, according to a study published in Nature.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Research Highlight |

    A synthetic Ganoderma meroterpene derivative protects against obesity-associated atherosclerosis in mice by increasing the abundance of the gut commensal bacterium Parabacteroides merdae and increasing branched-chain amino acid degradation.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Research Highlight |

    A new study has identified a scavenger receptor-independent mechanism of atherosclerosis development by showing that LDL uptake through macropinocytosis contributes to macrophage foam cell formation and atherosclerosis development and that an FDA-approved drug that inhibits macropinocytosis inhibits atherosclerosis development in mice.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Research Highlight |

    Treatment with atglistatin, an inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity, has cardioprotective effects against catecholamine-induced cardiac damage in mice, according to a new study. Atglistatin inhibited adipose ATGL activity but had no effect on cardiac ATGL, indicating that its cardioprotective effects are mediated by non-cardiac actions.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Research Highlight |

    A new study shows that regulatory T cells have essential roles in atherosclerotic plaque regression by promoting the resolution of plaque inflammation through suppression of macrophage and T cell pro-inflammatory responses and induction of a pro-resolving macrophage phenotype.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Review Article |

    Accumulating evidence supports the critical role of T cells as drivers and modifiers of atherosclerosis. In this Review, Ley and colleagues describe the latest advances in our understanding of the role of T cell subsets in atherosclerosis, discuss the process of T cell homing to atherosclerotic plaques and highlight potential T cell-related therapies for atherosclerosis.

    • Ryosuke Saigusa
    • , Holger Winkels
    •  & Klaus Ley

  • Review Article |

    Neuromodulation therapy might be clinically useful in the management and prevention of lethal arrhythmias. In this Review, the authors discuss the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological basis for neuromodulation therapy, critically appraise the latest data on the clinical efficacy of this approach and highlight areas in the field of cardiac autonomic control that show the most promise for clinical translation.

    • Neil Herring
    • , Manish Kalla
    •  & David J. Paterson

  • Research Highlight |

    AIBP-mediated cholesterol efflux promotes the specification of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in embryogenesis and induces adult HSPC expansion in hypercholesterolaemic conditions, mediated by SREBP2-regulated activation of Notch signalling.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Research Highlight |

    A subset of T cells present in the small intestine modulate systemic metabolism and contribute to cardiovascular disease by limiting the bioavailability of the incretin hormone GLP1.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Review Article |

    This Review summarizes the current knowledge on the biology and regional variability of the adipose tissue, highlighting the molecular mechanisms controlling the crosstalk between the adipose tissue and the cardiovascular system. Current state-of-the-art techniques in adipose tissue imaging for cardiovascular risk stratification and the potential of the adipose tissue as a target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease are also described.

    • Evangelos K. Oikonomou
    •  & Charalambos Antoniades

  • Review Article |

    Research on cardiac repair and regeneration is shifting from a stem cell focus towards the dynamic interplay of stromal and immune cells of the cardiac interstitium. This Review provides new insights into the immunoregulatory functions of cardiac interstitial cells and their complex network of interactions, highlighting the therapeutic potential for cardiac disease.

    • Elvira Forte
    • , Milena Bastos Furtado
    •  & Nadia Rosenthal

  • Review Article |

    Patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms that mediate this phenomenon are not fully elucidated. In this Review, Bartoloni and colleagues highlight the relationship between hypertension and autoimmune rheumatic diseases, focusing on the immune-mediated mechanisms that influence blood-pressure control.

    • Elena Bartoloni
    • , Alessia Alunno
    •  & Roberto Gerli

  • Review Article |

    Inflammatory processes have a crucial role in abdominal aortic aneurysm and aortic wall remodelling. This Review focuses on the involvement of monocytes and macrophages, summarizing current knowledge on their origin and the roles of distinct monocyte and macrophage subsets in AAA development and complications, and highlighting potential translational applications targeting monocytes and macrophages.

    • Juliette Raffort
    • , Fabien Lareyre
    •  & Ziad Mallat

  • Review Article |

    Accumulating evidence has challenged the dogma of monocytes as short-lived macrophage precursors. Monocyte populations are heterogeneous and have subset-specific functions. This Review provides an updated view of the role of monocytes in cardiovascular disease and their relationship with macrophages, highlighting current theories on monocyte ontogeny, and discussing the effects of dyslipidaemia on monocyte production, phenotype, and function.

    • Mohammed Shamim Rahman
    • , Andrew J. Murphy
    •  & Kevin J. Woollard

  • Review Article |

    Ectopic foci in pulmonary veins can trigger episodes of atrial fibrillation, but how these foci arise remains unclear. Dr Mark Shen and colleagues review the role of the autonomous nervous system in the induction and maintenance of atrial arrhythmias, and discuss neural modulation as a treatment strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation.

    • Mark J. Shen
    • , Eue-Keun Choi
    •  & Peng-Sheng Chen

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