Adrenal tumours articles from across Nature Portfolio

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare endocrine cancer with a dismal survival rate and limited therapeutic options. This Review outlines the recent advances that have been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of adrenocortical carcinoma and what this means for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this cancer type.

Adrenal cysts are rare lesions that are mostly detected incidentally and are usually asymptomatic; however, phaeochromocytomas and adrenal malignant masses can also present as cystic lesions. This Review outlines the different histopathological subtypes of adrenal cysts and discusses diagnosis and management strategies.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PCPG) are rare neuroendocrine tumours. Here, the authors use single-nuclei and bulk-tissue RNA-seq to characterise PCPG tumours and their microenvironments and reveal molecular subtypes as well as expression patterns associated with metastasis.

This Consensus Statement discusses the management of asymptomatic individuals with a germline mutation in one of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDHx) genes (SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD), which encode the four subunits of the SDH enzyme. These individuals are at increased risk of phaeochromocytoma and/or paraganglioma.

Adrenal incidentalomas are masses found in the adrenal glands during examination for other indications. New guidelines from the European Society of Endocrinology in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors present evidence-based recommendations for the clinical management of these tumours following their detection in patients.