Genotypes and sexual fate under the system of complementary sex determination found in many hymenopteran species (ants, bees, wasps, sawflies). Males derive from unfertilized eggs and have only one sex determination allele (marked by different colored bars). Fertilized eggs with two different sex-determining alleles (heterozygous) develop into females. Diploid males arise from fertilized eggs that are homozygous for the same sex-determining allele. These diploid males arise most commonly under inbreeding conditions in which the father has an allele in common with the mother.
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In humans, sex is determined by the presence or absence of X or Y sex chromosomes. In honeybees, however, evolution has resulted in a very different and unique sex determination system.
This chart is the best I have seen regarding honey bee genetics. But colors and design blocks don?t work for genetic equations. Female bees acquire genetic material from parents in a heterozygous form on the locus level, in a ZW pattern. Because this pattern applies to sex chromosomes, it is avoided, which removes any designation for the female genetic traits, passed mother to daughter,so this chart uses the circle and cross and red background. Why not use ZW and then some designation that designates the action at the csd locus, and retains the existence of female alleles, genes or traits passed to daughters in a hetrozygotic state?
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