A) DNA polymerase binds to a single-stranded DNA template (blue) and synthesizes a complementary strand of DNA (red). B) When DNA polymerase randomly incorporates a fluorescently labeled ddNTP base, synthesis terminates. This step produces a mixture of newly synthesized DNA strands that differ in length by a single nucleotide. Each strand is labeled at the 3′ end with a fluorescently labeled ddNTP base. C) The DNA mixture is separated by electrophoresis. D) The electropherogram results show peaks representing the color and signal intensity of each DNA band. From these data, the sequence of the newly synthesized DNA strand is determined, as shown above the peaks.
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Thanks to the Human Genome Project, researchers have sequenced all 3.2 billion base pairs in the human genome. How did researchers complete this chromosome map years ahead of schedule?
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