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Tumor cells using the alternative telomere lengthening pathway are examined by Potts and Yu, who find that telomeres are targeted to PML bodies via SUMOylation of multiple telomeric proteins. Darts represent telomeres being targeted to a PML body represented by the bullseye. Photo by Bimarto Sasri, from iStockPhoto.com. pp 581-590 | News and Views p 570
MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. The multipurpose protein hnRNP A1, a well-known factor in the regulation of precursor messenger RNA splicing, has now been implicated in the biogenesis of the microRNA miR-18a, shedding further light on the emerging topic of post-transcriptional regulation of microRNA expression.
The spliceosome, the ribonucleoprotein complex that removes introns from precursor messenger RNAs, is thought to undergo conformational changes between two alternative states to catalyze the two steps of the splicing reaction, a model that resembles ribosomal transfer RNA decoding. Following very different strategies, two papers provide new insights into how core components of the spliceosome and regulatory factors containing arginine/serine-rich domains with RNA chaperone activity can facilitate these conformational changes.
A new study reveals that cells naturally switch from expressing one polypyrimidine tract–binding protein (PTB) to a highly similar family member, nPTB, during the development of neurons, and shows that PTB itself regulates this transition. Ensembles of coregulated exons simultaneously change their splicing patterns, suggesting that this phenomenon could potentially mediate widespread changes in proteins composed of modular functional domains, thus driving neuronal phenotypes or disfavoring non-neuronal ones.