Research articles

The authors perform cryo-EM of pre-tRNA in complex with the human tRNA splicing endonuclease complex TSEN to understand the basis of pre-tRNA recognition and processing by TSEN.

A systematic survey of the budding yeast proteome identifies hundreds of post-transcriptional regulators. Regulatory activity is enriched in RNA-binding proteins but lies outside the RNA-binding domains, often within intrinsically disordered regions.

The authors provide cryo-EM reconstructions of human transfer RNA splicing endonuclease during substrate recognition, rationalizing disease-relevant mutations.

The structure of synapses is critical for brain function. Yu et al. show how the synaptic vesicle protein synaptogyrin binds lipids and helps to ensure that vesicles are uniformly sized, allowing for precise storage of neurotransmitters.

Here, the authors show that anchoring of the PRC2 complex to its own sites requires nuclear condensation of Ccc1, a H3K27me3 reader in the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, suggesting a functional role for condensates in ensuring heterochromatin fidelity.

Here, the authors show that the lncRNA LoNA links nucleolar structure to epigenetic reprogramming and zygotic genome activation. Loss of LoNA leads to 2C arrest by impairing nucleolar assembly and repression of 2C gene transcription.

Here, using proteomics, molecular biology and sequencing, the authors demonstrate that OGT-dependent O-GlcNAcylation of H4S47 is important for replication-origin activation, presumably through regulating DDK-induced phosphorylation of the MCM complex.

Using cryo-EM, the authors here show that Polγ transitions from replication to error correction by unwinding the DNA, rotating, and backtracking to move the mismatch to the exonuclease site for proofreading.

Here, the authors show that transcripts arising from the X chromosome are less decorated by m⁶A and are more stable than their autosomal counterparts. Consistently, acute depletion of m⁶A preferentially stabilizes autosomal transcripts and thus results in aberrant dosage compensation.

Here the authors show that PIAS3/SENP1-mediated poly-SUMOylation of MAVS regulates its interaction with IRF3, whose SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) guides binding to SUMOylated MAVS. IRF3 phosphorylation, close to its SIM, dismantles SUMO-dependent aggregates and releases activated IRF3.

Here, the authors reveal the architecture of the TRAP complex bound to the translating ribosome and Sec61 translocon, explaining its function in insertion and secretion of proteins, including the insulin hormone, at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Günsel et al. unravel the structural and functional properties of OEP21, a major metabolite channel in the chloroplast outer envelope, and show that this porin utilizes a promiscuous mechanism to control the passage of a distinct set of substrates.

Here the authors use cryogenic electron microscopy to solve the Arabidopsis thaliana Argonaute10–guide RNA complex with and without a target RNA representing a slicing substrate, to provide insights into the slicing mechanism of a eukaryotic Argonaute.

Using single-molecule transcription imaging upon perturbations to nucleosome remodelers, the transcription factor and the transcriptional machinery, Brouwer et al. reveal how remodeling of promoter nucleosomes regulates the kinetics of transcription.

Smith, Zentout et al. investigate the role of HPF1 in DNA repair using live-cell imaging methods and find that HPF1-dependent histone ADP-ribosylation drives early process in DNA repair, including chromatin relaxation and repair factor recruitment.

Here, the authors solve a series of cryo-EM structures of the Swi2/Snf2 family transcription regulator Mot1 to show how this remodeler uses energy to displace the transcription initiation factor TBP from its gene promoters.

Cryogenic electron microscopy analysis of a complex between the immunoglobulin M (IgM) pentamer and the IgM-specific Fc receptor shows how the receptor specifically recognizes the constant regions of polymeric serum IgM or the membrane-associated B-cell receptor.

Here, the authors determine the structural basis of how SGO1 protects centromeric cohesin from WAPL-mediated release until the kinetochores and the microtubules have formed functional attachments. In addition, they show that SGO1 and CTCF bind cohesin in a similar manner, suggesting a potential universal mechanism of cohesin control.

Here, Zhouyan et al. present the structure of yeast SIN3–HDAC complex Rpd3L, revealing a distinctive organization mechanism compared with other class I HDAC complexes. The authors observe that two distinct arms hang on a T-shaped scaffold formed by two coiled-coil domains.

Here, the authors use cryo-EM to study cotranslational protein folding by the eukaryotic RAC complex and its conformational dynamics on the 80S ribosome