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Cramer and colleagues review and discuss how the structural elucidation of transcription factors and functional complexes of human mitochondrial RNA polymerase have informed emerging understanding of the mechanism of mitochondrial gene transcription.
Bhat and Cortez discuss current knowledge on the multiple mechanisms by which RPA and RAD51 contribute to genome stability during DNA replication, in particular for replication fork reversal and fork protection.
Developments in basic RNA biology have spawned RNA-based strategies to generate new types of therapeutics. Judy Lieberman reviews RNA-based drug design and discusses barriers to more widespread applications and possible ways to overcome them.
Wu and Wilson review our structural knowledge of influenza virus HA and broadly neutralizing antibodies, which have opened the way for design of novel vaccines and therapeutics.
In this Review, the authors discuss our current understanding of how the hexameric helicases that catalyze helix unwinding during DNA replication are physically and functionally integrated with other replisome components.
In this Review, the authors discuss recent insights into the mechanism of GPCR signaling provided by structural and biophysical elucidation of receptor interactions with G proteins and arrestins.
Rossmann and colleagues review the rapid progress in our understanding of the structure of Zika virus, building on previous studies of other flaviviruses such as dengue virus.
In this Review, the authors consider how single-molecule biophysical approaches can inform our understanding of the ring-shaped structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) complexes and their function in chromosome organization.
This review highlights recent mechanistic insights into the CRISPR class 2 type V enzymes Cpf1 and C2c1, which are crucial for improving these genome engineering tools and expanding the genomic editing space.
Five protein complexes, CI–CV, form the oxidative phosphorylation electron transport chain in the mitochondrial membrane and can be found organized into supercomplexes (SCs): I+III2+IV, or respirasome; I+III2; III2+IV; and CV2. Letts and Sazanov review current knowledge on the structure, assembly and function of respiratory SCs.
In this Review, Peña, Hurt and Panse discuss our current knowledge on the eukaryotic ribosome assembly, a complex process that takes place across different cellular compartments and involves over 200 assembly factors.
The ribosome-associated complex (RAC) is formed by the JD protein Zuo1 and the unconventional Hsp70 Ssz1. This Review presents recent developments that have increased our understanding of RAC's mechanisms and cellular functions.
This Review highlights recent breakthroughs in X-chromosome inactivation and discusses how the multitasking RNA Xist can structurally and functionally transform an active chromosome into uniquely organized facultative heterochromatin.
In this Review, the authors consider the functions of key clock transcription factors and the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that direct circadian gene expression in mammalian cells.
Clock proteins are controlled by multiple post-translational modifications during the circadian cycle. In this Review, the authors examine how post-translational modifications influence the stability, interactions and activity of mammalian clock proteins and how they contribute to proper clock function or are altered in circadian disorders.
This review explores the molecular basis of metabolic and gene-expression oscillations in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and describes how they relate to other biological time-keeping mechanisms, such as circadian rhythms.
This Review examines the molecular mechanisms underlying the plant circadian clock, highlighting the functions of transcriptional circuits and post-translational regulation in timing and describing how clock components integrate and respond to environmental signals.
In this Review, the authors discuss recent advances in understanding how post-translational modifications of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) regulate transcription and RNA processing events and control gene expression.
Numerous recent crystal and cryo-EM structures have greatly advanced understanding of the functional mechanisms of neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. This Review discusses the structural basis of activation and desensitization mechanisms in glutamate and cysteine-loop receptors.
