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Buccal mucosa graft for urethral reconstruction can be absent or insufficient in patients with failed urethral reconstruction, lichen sclerosus, alterations of the oral cavity and other contraindications. For these patients, the main alternatives are lingual, bladder and rectal mucosa grafts, and multidisciplinary teams worked to set up minimally invasive technologies to reduce morbidity and complications in donor sites.
In this Review, mechanistic findings of growth inhibition by supraphysiological androgens in prostate cancer are described, and insights from the results of using supraphysiological testosterone and the future clinical development of bipolar androgen therapy as an option for prostate cancer are discussed.
Health-related quality of life can be affected by muscle-invasive bladder cancer treatment and should be assessed all the way through patient’s care. In this Review, the authors summarize available data on patient health-related quality of life after curative local treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, also considering the effect of different surgical procedures or urinary diversion methods on patient quality of life.
In this Review, Lopez et al. discuss the history of penile transplantation, including the procedures and outcomes of transplants to date, as well as factors to consider for consistent, optimal outcomes. The authors also discuss the future of penile transplantation and suggest updates to the Baltimore criteria.
In this Review, the authors describe the evolution of vaginoplasty including surgical techniques, complications, and clinical and patient-reported outcomes and consider current controversies in techniques and areas for improvement.
