Volume 19 Issue 10, October 2022

Controversies over how, why and when pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) should be performed persist. Available data suggest that a limited number of patients will experience a curative benefit from PLND, but it remains the most tried and tested diagnostic tool for staging. New techniques aim to improve noninvasive detection of diseased nodes.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains a deadly disease, despite aggressive surgical and systemic chemotherapeutic treatments. New treatment modalities are needed. A novel intravesicle drug delivery device for neoadjuvant treatment of MIBC has been developed, and preliminary results on the efficacy and safety of this system are available.

Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is a common complication of diabetes. Hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress is thought to mediate functional changes in organs and tissues affected by DBD. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of mechanisms and consequences of oxidative stress, focusing on the role of diabetes-induced oxidative stress in generating dysfunctions at the level of the urothelium, smooth muscle contractility and nerve structures involved in DBD pathogenesis.

Several studies over the past few decades have suggested that sperm quality varies by geographical region and might be subject to a temporal decline worldwide. However, the data supporting these conclusions have come from studies of various methodologies and heterogeneous populations, making them unreliable. In this in-depth Review, Chevrier and colleagues discuss the data surrounding discussion of spatiotemporal trends in semen parameters and consider how these trends and the factors promoting them interact.