In this Review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of videourodynamics, discussing terminology, technique, findings, limitations and future perspectives associated with this approach.

This Review focusses on what is known about the interactions between conventional radiotherapy and the immune system. The authors discuss how this knowledge can be applied to investigate gaps regarding the immune interactions of molecular radiotherapies.

Lutetium PSMA is approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer and is being studied in a neoadjuvant setting. The influence of lutetium PSMA on the tumour immune microenvironment is unknown. In selected patients, lutetium PSMA could be used as a stand-alone treatment or in combination with immunotherapy to produce long-lasting antitumour immunity.

In this Review, the authors provide an overview of currently available genomic and transcriptomic biomarkers of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer progression. Both single-gene biomarkers and gene signature are discussed, with the aim of identifying markers close to clinical implementation and providing insights for future research in this field.