This Perspectives provides an overview of life-cycle assessment and its use in urological academic literature to date. The authors explain how life-cycle assessment can be interpreted and used to help to reduce the environmental impact of urology.

In this Perspective, the authors present the state of the art of vascularized composite bladder allograft transplantation in humans, discussing different surgical approaches used in the attempts carried out so far, as well as currently available diversion methods. The role of tissue engineering in the field of urinary bladder regeneration is also discussed.

Artificial intelligence can be leveraged to improve the detection of prostate cancer on magnetic resonance imaging; however, before this technology is implemented in clinical practice, further research is required.

Mounting evidence indicates that sperm RNAs have important functions in spermatogonial processes and are potential markers in the diagnosis of and decision-making for male idiopathic infertility. Here, the authors describe current evidence and suggest necessary future studies to translate this evidence into clinical practice.