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Researchers have created therapeutic implants containing cells engineered to release anti-inflammatory biologic drugs in response to changing endogenous inflammatory signals.
New research shows that cartilage engineered from nasal chondrocytes can integrate with osteoarthritic joint tissues in animal models, and provides early evidence of clinical benefits in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Targeted nanoparticles that bind to exposed type II collagen in injured joints and promote localized downregulation of Mmp13 expression represent progress towards a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug.
A study of human immune-cell populations has shown that IFNγ from synovial natural killer cells can activate a subset of pro-inflammatory HLA-DR+CD90+ synovial fibroblasts that is greatly expanded in rheumatoid arthritis.
A study in Genome Biology reports the fine-mapping of rheumatoid arthritis risk loci in synovial fibroblasts and provides evidence of a causal role for these cells in the heritability of this disease.
A new study finds that a small-molecule inhibitor of IRAK4 blocks inflammation and pathophysiological processes in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
New evidence has emerged that DNA can bind to cell surface HLA class II molecules. If true, this surprising interaction could lead to T cell and B cell activation by DNA, and surface DNA could also provide a target for cell killing by anti-DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
The ACR have published their first guideline for the management of large vessel vasculitis, which covers giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. The new guideline differs from the current EULAR recommendations on some important points, but do these different views actually affect patient care?
Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom of inflammatory rheumatic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this Review, the authors examine the potential contributing factors, present putative models of fatigue and discuss challenges for research and treatment.
Analysis of the microcirculation is useful in the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary Raynaud phenomenon and in the diagnosis and monitoring of several rheumatic diseases, including systemic sclerosis. This Review provides an overview of techniques for microvascular analysis.
Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is important in innate and adaptive immunity and its overproduction is also implicated in hyperinflammation. Here, De Benedetti and colleagues discuss the evidence for a pathogenetic role of IFNγ in hyperinflammatory diseases, the search for IFNγ biomarkers, and the results of clinical trials of IFNγ-neutralizing therapeutics.
Non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs regulate signalling pathways that are important in joint development, homeostasis and disease. A better understanding of the non-coding RNA interactome could lead to new therapies for joint diseases.
