A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reveals only limited, low-quality evidence to support the use of pregabalin or gabapentin for the treatment of chronic low back pain (LBP). Results of the eight RCTs identified showed that gabapentin had a minimal benefit over placebo, and that pregabalin was inferior to other analgesics in relieving pain in adult patients with LBP of >3 months' duration. Use of the gabapentinoids was also associated with an increased risk of adverse events.