Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells provide the therapeutic benefits of the parental cells with advantages relating to immunogenicity and ease of handling. This Review discusses the therapeutic potential of native and modified extracellular vesicles for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, focusing on osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

The rise in the use of digital health-care technologies such as electronic patient-reported outcome measures enables a transformation of the traditional care model. In light of the increasing demand for rheumatologists, telehealth could enable more efficient usage of scarce face-to-face appointments.

IL-17 signalling regulates both protective and harmful immune responses; therefore, its complete inhibition can have adverse effects. Detailed consideration and fine-tuning of IL-17-inhibition strategies is needed to selectively regulate disease outcomes.

A monoclonal antibody targeting a peptide that replicates the proinflammatory properties of IL-17 has shown potent activity and an acceptable profile of adverse effects in pre-clinical studies.

New findings suggest that liposome-mediated delivery of a specific microRNA inhibitor can restore anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization and reduce joint inflammation in mice.

HIF-1 can regulate the cytotoxic activity of skin-infiltrating T cells in cutaneous lupus erythematosus and is a potential therapeutic target.

Although inflammatory arthritis induced by immune-checkpoint inhibitors clinically resembles that of rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis, research shows that it differs in its associated T cell response.

A new tool, PRESTO, enables estimation of the 1-year and 5-year risks of the development of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis.

Nanoparticles consisting of long DNA molecules in association with Ca²⁺ and PPi⁴⁻ ions can modulate the pathological osteoporotic microenvironment and promote bone repair.