Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells provide the therapeutic benefits of the parental cells with advantages relating to immunogenicity and ease of handling. This Review discusses the therapeutic potential of native and modified extracellular vesicles for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, focusing on osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

The rise in the use of digital health-care technologies such as electronic patient-reported outcome measures enables a transformation of the traditional care model. In light of the increasing demand for rheumatologists, telehealth could enable more efficient usage of scarce face-to-face appointments.

IL-17 signalling regulates both protective and harmful immune responses; therefore, its complete inhibition can have adverse effects. Detailed consideration and fine-tuning of IL-17-inhibition strategies is needed to selectively regulate disease outcomes.

In an observational study, SARS-CoV-2 antibody therapy used as pre-exposure prophylaxis reduced the incidence of COVID-19 in individuals with rheumatic diseases.

New research shows that the FGF10–FGFR1 axis is highly activated in lining fibroblast-like synoviocytes during relapsing rheumatoid arthritis and is a potential therapeutic target.

New research shows that deficiency of the sulfation-related SLC26A2 affects osteocyte formation, and that targeting downstream mediators can ameliorate SLC26A2-deficient osteoporosis.

A monoclonal antibody targeting a peptide that replicates the proinflammatory properties of IL-17 has shown potent activity and an acceptable profile of adverse effects in pre-clinical studies.

New findings suggest that liposome-mediated delivery of a specific microRNA inhibitor can restore anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization and reduce joint inflammation in mice.

HIF-1 can regulate the cytotoxic activity of skin-infiltrating T cells in cutaneous lupus erythematosus and is a potential therapeutic target.