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Rare neurological complications can occur after COVID-19 vaccination, but recent studies show that such complications are much more common after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Novel approaches to risk–benefit analysis such as Bayesian network models can integrate the latest global evidence with local factors to inform decision-making and support the global vaccination effort.
A recent clinical trial found no effect of chronic intranasal oxytocin on social behaviour in children with autism spectrum disorders. The result is not surprising, as oxytocin facilitates social learning but does not directly cause prosocial behaviour. In future trials, oxytocin should be paired with behavioural therapy to enhance learning and improve social behaviour.
In this Perspective, Barnes introduces three key obstacles to progress in our understanding of racial differences in Alzheimer disease and highlights evidence-informed strategies that can move the field forward.
In this Review, the authors consider how current understanding of four genetic generalized epilepsy syndromes that commonly occur in adults challenges traditional concepts about these conditions and suggests that they are not distinct but sit on a neurobiological continuum.
A new study found methylphenidate to be effective in treating apathy in individuals with Alzheimer disease. At a time when the recent aducanumab approval is focusing attention on the promise of disease-modifying therapies, the new findings highlight the importance of developing better symptomatic treatment options for individuals with psychiatric disorders of Alzheimer disease.
The neurological deficits caused by COVID-19, which were first reported in the early months of 2020, continue to intrigue neurologists and health-care professionals worldwide. As two new studies highlight, these manifestations are frequent and are expected to increase the burden of morbidity and mortality in the acute and chronic phases of COVID-19.
Here, the authors summarize the evidence concerning the neurological health of individuals affected by the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks and present the outcome of a meeting convened by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health that aimed to generate recommendations for future research in this population.
In this Review, Nassan and Videnovic discuss the alterations to the circadian system that occur in neurodegenerative disorders and highlight future directions for research in the field, including opportunities for the development of circadian-based therapeutic interventions.
In this Review, Li-Huei Tsai and colleagues discuss the ongoing work towards the generation of more physiological in vitro models of Alzheimer disease (AD), with a particular focus on the modelling of AD-related changes to the blood–brain barrier, myelination, neuroinflammation and neuronal circuits.
Despite substantial progress in the development of disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS), the therapeutic options for progressive MS (PMS) remain limited. The authors present criteria for therapeutic success in PMS and consider the extent to which current drugs meet these criteria.
The close connection between epileptic networks and the autonomic nervous system is illustrated by a range of autonomic manifestations during a seizure. This article reviews the spectrum and diagnostic value of these manifestations, focusing on presentations that could contribute to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
Clinical trials have led to the approval of new targeted therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. In this Review, Pittock et al. discuss the pathophysiological rationale for these drugs, the methodology and outcomes of the trials, and their implications for clinical practice.
Detailed immunological analysis in a new study provides insight into the mechanisms of immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people who are receiving B cell-depleting therapy for multiple sclerosis. The findings have implications for clinical practice, but more questions about SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and immunosuppression remain.
The prevalence of dementia in India is expected to increase. Here, the authors review the existing data on dementia in India, discuss areas for future research and highlight the importance of developing appropriate public health strategies to tackle the growing dementia burden.
Two-thirds of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) are women, and sex differences in AD pathology have been observed, yet little is known about the role of sex chromosomes in AD. New research suggests that X-linked gene expression modifies AD risk in a sex-specific manner. This knowledge could aid the development of precision medicine approaches for AD.
Results of a new study have shown the enormous potential of smartphone-collected, real-world data for the differentiation of patients with Parkinson disease from controls. This study spearheads a new phase for the evaluation of symptoms associated with Parkinson disease that is patient-centred, digital, objective, continuous and relevant to everyday life.
In this Review, Koch-Henriksen and Magyari consider the evidence for changes in the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis, focusing on trends in the incidence of the disease over time and trends in the disease severity, and discuss the factors influencing these trends.
This Review offers a novel theoretical perspective on the neurobehavioural comorbidities of adult and childhood epilepsy, involving new analytical approaches, derivation of new taxonomies and consideration of the diverse forces that influence cognition and behaviour in individuals with epilepsy.
To date, all phase III trials of β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE) inhibitors for Alzheimer disease were either discontinued or produced negative results. Here the authors present their opinion that BACE inhibitors still hold promise as a preventative therapy for Alzheimer disease and outline a series of experiments to inform future trials.
In this Review, Bodini et al. discuss the contribution that PET is making to our understanding of mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of irreversible neuro-axonal damage that underlies progression in multiple sclerosis.
