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Currently, there is considerable scientific interest in modes of imaging that rely on the metabolic characteristics of tissues. Metabolic imaging is emerging as a promising diagnostic tool for the evaluation of cerebral gliomas, although it remains to be seen whether treatment decisions based on this approach will produce significant improvements in outcome.

It is estimated that epilepsy affects up to 1% of the world's population, and although many patients derive considerable benefits from antiepileptic drugs or resective surgery, new therapeutic approaches are still needed. In this Viewpoint, William Theodore assesses the potential of techniques that involve direct or indirect electrical stimulation of the epileptic focus.

Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the median survival for patients with glioblastoma—the most common primary brain tumor in adults—has changed little in 40 years. A recent trial, however, has shown that administration of the DNA methylating agent temozolamide during and after radiotherapy can prolong survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastomas.

Statins are best known for their cholesterol-lowering effects, but they also have immunomodulatory properties that might be exploited to treat neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis. This review describes the molecular and cellular mechanisms that are thought to underlie the immunomodulatory effects, and discusses the results of initial clinical trials of statins in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The imaging of amyloid plaques in the living brain should not only aid the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, but also help us to understand its underlying pathophysiology. In this review, Dan Huddleston and Scott Small discuss the encouraging results that have been obtained in humans using positron emission tomography, and they assess the potential of MRI-based approaches for future investigations.