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Researchers in China have developed a functional nucleic acid-based responsive artificial enzyme that enables continuous production of levodopa in a mouse model of Parkinson disease.
In this Perspective, Owolabi et al. propose strategies to improve brain health and address the growing global burden of neurological disorders. They present a new framework — the neurological quadrangle — which aims to provide equitable and effective surveillance, prevention, acute care and rehabilitation of neurological disorders globally.
Neurological diseases associated with specific pathogenic gene variants can show considerable phenotypic variation. This Review explores the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon, including environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors that influence the expressivity and penetrance of pathogenic variants.
In this Review, the authors discuss the ways in which single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics are contributing to our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurological conditions. They also discuss the limitations and possible future directions of these technologies.
A new study examining trends in postmortem neuropathology results over the past 25 years provides important insights into secular trends in dementia risk. The results suggest that improvements in both cardiovascular health and cognitive reserve underlie the reduced risk.
A new study indicates loss of hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone in ALS, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying weight loss in individuals with the disease.
Some patients with Parkinson disease (PD) present with mostly non-motor symptoms. Here, Chaudhuri et al. discuss the evidence for CNS abnormalities in noradrenergic function in these individuals. Recognition of this noradrenergic subtype of PD might ultimately lead to subtype-specific treatments and personalized medicine.
Here, the authors summarize current knowledge regarding mechanisms of remyelination and remyelination failure in multiple sclerosis and animal models of the disease and discuss strategies to overcome the translational roadblock in the field of remyelination-promoting therapies.
Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors are an emerging treatment for multiple sclerosis. Krämer et al. consider the evidence that central nervous system-penetrant Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors might target both peripheral immune cells and compartmentalized inflammation and discuss promising preliminary results of clinical trials of these agents in multiple sclerosis.
In the field of Alzheimer disease genetics, a lack of ancestral diversity in study cohorts is limiting progress. Here, the authors summarize our current knowledge of Alzheimer disease genetics in populations across the world and highlight efforts to increase cohort diversity.
A study of more than 350,000 individuals has shown that multisite chronic pain is strongly correlated with elevated risk of dementia, decreased cognitive function and reduced hippocampal volume. Further study of these relationships and their potential underlying mechanisms is required and could inform the development of interventions to prevent or slow dementia.
A new study provides mechanistic insights into the role of TDP43 in regulating the expression of stathmin 2 — a protein that is abundant in motor neurons and is required for axonal regeneration after injury.
