Wilson et al. review our current knowledge of the extracellular proteostasis system that protects the brain from the pathological consequences of extracellular protein aggregation. They discuss growing evidence that impairment of this system contributes to neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases.

Chronic neuropathic pain is a leading cause of disability that remains therapeutically challenging. Here, Fiore et al. review the immune mechanisms that contribute to the resolution of chronic neuropathic pain. Contributions of the gut microbiome and specialized pro-resolving mediators are also discussed, along with potential therapeutic strategies.

In this Perspective, Edwards and colleagues present their opinion that functional neurological disorder is categorically different from feigning and malingering. They discuss clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidence in support of this view.

A new study reports upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors in the cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with a severe form of spinal muscular atrophy.

In a recent PET study, microglial activation in the frontal cortex predicted cognitive decline in individuals with frontotemporal dementia.

New findings suggest that bidirectional communication between T cells and the gut microbiome can influence autoimmune disease.

New research reports changes in serum blood–brain barrier (BBB) markers after bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, corroborating earlier observations in animal models.

A growing understanding of the neurobiology of psychosis offers hope for an improvement in the standard of care; this includes the development of individualized, precision therapeutics. However, the path to precision psychiatry is long, and progress would be accelerated by greater collaboration with the fields of neurology and neuroscience.

Prediction tools offer great promise for clinicians in the prevention and treatment of psychosis, but none has been routinely implemented. Greater methodological rigour in the development and evaluation of these tools, along with consideration of a range of performance criteria, is necessary to maximize their potential for improving clinical decision making.