Nature Reviews Neurology

Parkinson disease

The role of the microbiome–gut–brain axis

Featured

Epigenetic genes and epilepsy — emerging mechanisms and clinical applications

This Review considers how variants in genes encoding proteins that regulate epigenetic mechanisms might contribute to epilepsy. The discussion is structured around five categories of epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications, histone–DNA crosstalk, non-coding RNAs and chromatin remodelling.

Karen M. J. Van Loo
Gemma L. Carvill
David C. Henshall
Review Article 20 Jul 2022
From the prodromal stage of multiple sclerosis to disease prevention

In this Roadmap, Marrie and colleagues set out the steps needed to improve our understanding of the multiple sclerosis (MS) prodrome and develop standardized criteria for identifying individuals with prodromal MS, thereby facilitating trials of interventions that could slow progression to classical MS.

Ruth Ann Marrie
Mark Allegretta
Helen Tremlett
Roadmap 15 Jul 2022
Clinical implications of the 2021 edition of the WHO classification of central nervous system tumours

The fifth edition of the WHO classification of CNS tumours was published in 2021. Here, Horbinski and colleagues summarize the main changes in this new edition and discuss how each change will affect post-surgical treatment, clinical trial enrolment and cooperative studies.

Craig Horbinski
Tamar Berger
Patrick Y. Wen
Review Article 21 Jun 2022
Brain–machine interface treats pain in rats

A new study describes a brain–machine interface that can detect pain episodes and deliver timely treatment in rats.

Sarah Lemprière
Research Highlight 18 Jul 2022

Current issue

The importance of getting evidence into practice

Anthony G. Marson
Comment 23 Jun 2022
Development and implementation of new diagnostic technologies in neurology

Cristina Granziera
Tim Woelfle
Ludwig Kappos
Comment 27 Jun 2022
Are guidelines a useful tool for improving outcomes in neurology?

Maurizio A. Leone
Joao Costa
Comment 27 Jun 2022
Review and update of the concept of embolic stroke of undetermined source

Hans-Christoph Diener
J. Donald Easton
George Ntaios
Review Article 10 May 2022
Emerging therapies to target CNS pathophysiology in multiple sclerosis

Jiwon Oh
Amit Bar-Or
Review Article 13 Jun 2022
The microbiome–gut–brain axis in Parkinson disease — from basic research to the clinic

Ai Huey Tan
Shen Yang Lim
Anthony E. Lang
Review Article 24 Jun 2022

Contents

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Announcements

Collection: Neurology and COVID-19

Looking back at the impact of the pandemic on the neurology field in 2020
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Latest Reviews & Analysis

- Pathogenic autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis — from a simple idea to a complex concept
  
  Numerous studies have attempted to identify pathogenic autoantibodies in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but their results are conflicting. In this Perspective, the authors explore the available evidence and provide their own opinions on a possible role for autoantibodies in MS.
  
  Romana Höftberger
  Hans Lassmann
  Markus Reindl
  
  Perspective 15 Aug 2022
- The challenges of anti-tau therapeutics in Alzheimer disease
  
  A phase II trial of the tau antibody semorinemab indicates that it has no clinical benefit in the earliest stages of Alzheimer disease. The repeated finding that antibody-mediated reductions in protein pathology have limited or no clinical benefit indicates that we need to consider more specific or combined therapeutic targets.
  Francesco Panza
  Madia Lozupone
  
  News & Views 08 Aug 2022
- The role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis
  
  In this Review, the authors provide detailed insight into how the gut microbiota influences the immune system, with implications for neuroinflammation, and discuss the accumulating evidence that the gut microbiota is an important factor in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and a potential therapeutic target.
  Jorge Correale
  Reinhard Hohlfeld
  Sergio E. Baranzini
  
  Review Article 05 Aug 2022
- MRI predicts cognitive training effects in multiple sclerosis
  
  Cognitive rehabilitation is a promising approach to limit the effect of cognitive impairment on patients with multiple sclerosis, although results so far are conflicting. A new study indicates that structural and functional MRI techniques could provide reliable measures to predict treatment responses and tailor the rehabilitative approach to each patient.
  Massimo Filippi
  Paolo Preziosa
  
  News & Views 01 Aug 2022
- Epigenetic genes and epilepsy — emerging mechanisms and clinical applications
  
  This Review considers how variants in genes encoding proteins that regulate epigenetic mechanisms might contribute to epilepsy. The discussion is structured around five categories of epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, histone modifications, histone–DNA crosstalk, non-coding RNAs and chromatin remodelling.
  Karen M. J. Van Loo
  Gemma L. Carvill
  David C. Henshall
  
  Review Article 20 Jul 2022
- From the prodromal stage of multiple sclerosis to disease prevention
  Ruth Ann Marrie
  Mark Allegretta
  Helen Tremlett
  
  Roadmap 15 Jul 2022
- Monitoring disease onset in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  Mamede de Carvalho
  
  News & Views 12 Jul 2022
- The microbiome–gut–brain axis in Parkinson disease — from basic research to the clinic
  Ai Huey Tan
  Shen Yang Lim
  Anthony E. Lang
  
  Review Article 24 Jun 2022
- Clinical implications of the 2021 edition of the WHO classification of central nervous system tumours
  Craig Horbinski
  Tamar Berger
  Patrick Y. Wen
  
  Review Article 21 Jun 2022

News & Comment

Surprise neurovascular dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia

Neurovascular function is altered in one form of autosomal-dominant frontotemporal dementia (FTD), according to new research.

Ian Fyfe
Research Highlight 09 Aug 2022
New local therapy strategies for brain tumours

Two research teams in China have developed new local therapy approaches that are designed to eliminate brain tumour cells while minimizing damage to the surrounding healthy tissue.

Heather Wood
Research Highlight 09 Aug 2022
Long-term safety of satralizumab in NMOSD

Sarah Lemprière
In Brief 08 Aug 2022
Hypothyroidism is associated with dementia risk

Sarah Lemprière
In Brief 08 Aug 2022
Thalamic inflammation — a therapeutic target for brain injury?

Sarah Lemprière
In Brief 08 Aug 2022
Phagocytes linked to cognitive dysfunction in neuro-HIV

Sarah Lemprière
In Brief 08 Aug 2022

The first disease-modifying therapy for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis — interferon‑β 1b — was approved by the FDA in 1993. The following 25 years have seen rapid expansion of the therapeutic options as an evolving understanding of the disease has enabled development of therapies with different modes of action.

Milestone 14 Dec 2018