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Recurrence of lupus nephritis after kidney transplantation is often regarded as rare, and transplantation of patients with end-stage renal disease secondary to this condition is common. Several studies, however, have reported a higher incidence of recurrence of lupusnephritis after renal transplantation than the 1–4% which is usually quoted. Weng and Goral discuss reasons for the variation in reported incidence of recurrent lupus nephritis and consider the potential clinical impact of recurrence.
In 1955, the Swiss hematologist Conrad von Gasser coined the term ‘hemolytic uremic syndrome’ to describe the combined symptoms of diarrhea, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure, which he had observed in five children. Since then, investigators have realized that some forms of hemolytic uremic syndrome can be attributed to genetic abnormalities in circulating and membrane-bound proteins that regulate the complement system. How do these abnormalities influence the course and outcome of the disease, and how should they affect its treatment?