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A reduction in the level of T cell intracellular antigen 1, an RNA-binding protein, was protective for tau-induced neuronal death in a mouse model of tauopathy.
Among isogenicCaenorhabditis elegansnematodes, some individuals show biases in aspects of foraging behaviour that persist over development, and this individual-level variation in behaviour is subject to neuromodulatory regulation.
A method that integrates whole-brain neural activity measurements with cellular-level molecular phenotyping is used to investigate the neuronal populations that modulate a global brain state.
At hippocampal mossy fibre synapses, depolarization-induced facilitation of vesicle release occurs via a cAMP-dependent increase in coupling between Ca2+ channels and vesicle release machinery.
A study reports that low-amplitude intracortical microstimulation in the premotor cortex can be used to induce movements in monkeys by learned association.
Ca2+-independent but voltage-dependent secretion is mediated by the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit CaV2.2, is enabled by SNARE machinery and results in release of ATP or neuropeptide Y.
Activity-driven changes in gene transcription regulate synaptic development and function. Bading and colleagues describe recent evidence of lineage-specific changes in the gene regulatory regions that govern excitation–transcription coupling and consider how such changes may have contributed to the evolution of human cognitive abilities.
The brain comprises complex structural and functional networks, but much remains to be determined regarding how these networks support the communication processes that underlie neuronal computation. In this Review, Avena-Koenigsberger, Misic and Sporns discuss the network basis of communication dynamics in the brain.
The brain uses predictable temporal structure to anticipate and select relevant events in time. Nobre and van Ede introduce different types of this 'temporal expectation' and its neural underpinnings, and describe how temporal expectation interacts with other forms of expectation in guiding adaptive behaviour.
Chemical communication between axons and their myelin sheath is an emerging concept in neurobiology. In this review, Stys and colleagues discuss how this 'axo-myelinic synapse' may play a role in metabolic control of the myelinating unit, modulate myelin dynamics and be a future therapeutic target.
