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Three proteins associated with different developmental disorders interact at the same subset of imprinted genes in the mouse brain, suggesting overlapping molecular mechanisms for these diseases.
The importance of neurotransmitter release by astrocytes is highly controversial. Hamilton and Attwell review evidence for the release of glutamate,D-serine and ATP by astrocytes and their role in shaping synaptic activity. Potential mechanisms of astrocyte neurotransmitter release, including regulated exocytosis, are assessed.
Kotaleski and Blackwell describe computational approaches derived from systems biology that have been used to elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity. They highlight the advancements produced by these quantitative modelling efforts and discuss new approaches that incorporate data from live-cell imaging.
The spatial arrangement of sensory receptors on the face is reiterated at each stage of the somatosensory pathway from the brainstem to the cortex. Rijli and colleagues discuss the molecular mechanisms by which somatotopic maps are formed in the brainstem.
The putative role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit in action understanding is hotly debated. Reviewing studies in monkeys and humans, Rizzolatti and Sinigaglia describe what parieto-frontal mirror neurons encode, discuss the cognitive functions this circuit might support and address outstanding issues of controversy.
Ensheathing glia are essential for the long-term survival of axons; however, the mechanisms by which they contribute to neuronal viability are unclear. Here, Nave proposes that long axons require continuous support from glia to meet their metabolic needs, especially when insulated by myelin.
The use of neuroimaging in product marketing has received considerable business and media attention. Ariely and Berns consider the possibilities and limitations of neuromarketing, arguing that, although not generally cost-effective, it might be useful in specific aspects of marketing. An interview with Gregory S. Berns for Neuropod is available for download.