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In this open letter, co-founders of the Black In Neuro initiative thank previous mentors and advise future mentors on how to effectively encourage the next generation of Black researchers.
Ecotopic expression of three transcription factors induces reprogramming of the DNA methylation pattern of aged or injured retinal ganglion cells to a more ‘youthful’ state.
Local mRNA translation is essential for the function of polarized cells, such as neurons. Twiss and colleagues provide an overview of the cellular mechanisms that coordinate the transport and translation of axonal mRNAs, allowing the axon to respond to changing physiological demands.
In marmosets, overactivation of area 25 of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex alters neural and cardiac activity and behaviour in response to threat.
The formation of the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons involves a specific clustering of ion channels. In this Review, Rasband and Peles describe two independent, glia-directed mechanisms that converge on the axonal cytoskeleton to cluster and maintain nodal ion channels.
Optogenetic stimulation of place cells alters memory-guided spatial navigation in mice, providing evidence for a causal role for these cells in spatial cognition.
The cerebellum has an established role in procedural learning; however, the mechanisms through which it mediates learning are less well understood. De Zeeuw describes evidence for the existence of ‘upbound’ and ‘downbound’ microzones of cerebellar Purkinje cells and considers how they contribute to different forms of cerebellar learning.
Deep neural networks may offer theories of perception, cognition and action for biological brains. Here, Saxe, Nelli and Summerfield offer a road map of how neuroscientists can use deep networks to model and understand biological brains.
Stroke initially causes cell injury and death. After these acute events, there is a period of increased plasticity in the brain. Joy and Carmichael review changes in neuronal excitability systems during this period that lead to neural circuit reformation after stroke and how they may be targeted to promote functional recovery.
Inhibitory stabilization is a network mechanism that can enable high-gain excitatory networks to operate without leading to runaway activity. Here Sadeh and Clopath review the evidence for inhibition-stabilized networks in the brain and discuss their implications for cortical computation.
Traditional scientific conferences and seminar events have been hugely disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, paving the way for virtual forms of scientific communication to take hold and be put to the test.
