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A series of recent studies have revealed similarities in the characteristics of non-infectious neurodegenerative diseases and prionopathies. Frost and Diamond consider what these findings may tell us about disease pathogenesis and treatment strategies.
In this Opinion article, the similarities in molecular composition, organization and function of chemosensory receptive endings and neuron–neuron synapses are considered. Based on these parallels, Shai Shaham suggests that chemosensory structures will provide useful models of the neuronal synapse.
In addition to their roles in nervous system development, Wnts participate in synaptic maintenance and function and in adult neurogenesis. Here, Inestrosa and Arenas review the latest research on the functions of Wnt signalling in the adult nervous system and potential therapeutic implications.
Marr–Albus models of cerebellar function have been influential but cannot completely explain recent experimental findings. Dean and colleagues show that these recent data are congruent with the computational principles of adaptive-filter operations, suggesting that the cerebellum might act as an adaptive filter.
Visual perceptual learning (VPL) underlies long-term improvements in performance in perceptual tasks. Watanabe and colleagues discuss current ideas about the processing and neural substrates of VPL that may shed light on mechanisms of neural plasticity.
Spontaneous, patterned activity occurs in many developing neural circuits and is important for the establishment of neuronal connections. Blankenship and Feller describe the similarities and differences in the generation, regulation and robustness of this activity in different neural circuits.
Neuroscientists face increasing pressure to disseminate results and discuss their implications with the public. Illes and colleagues consider the challenges that they face and make specific recommendations for individuals and institutions to promote this process.
In recent years, a role has been proposed for the neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Liliana Minichiello discusses the signalling pathways downstream of TrkB activation that might contribute to this function.
The remarkable functional and structural changes that take place in the brains of blind and deaf individuals following sensory loss enable them to operate effectively in their environment. Here the authors discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this crossmodal neuroplasticity and its implications for rehabilitation.
