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Prioritization of visual inputs manifests itself in different behavioural signatures. In this Review, Rust and Cohen describe these signatures and their neural correlates and suggest that the brain uses a unified priority signal from which downstream areas can decode different types of priority.
The past two decades have witnessed considerable interest in linking interindividual differences in behaviour to differences in brain structure. In this Perspective, Genon et al. examine how the study of brain structure–behaviour associations in healthy populations has developed during this period and the current challenges for this field.
The levels of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators have been difficult to track. In this Review, Wu et al. give an overview of conventional and modern tools and imaging methods for monitoring neurochemicals, with a focus on genetically encoded sensors.
People may respond to listening to music by physically moving or feeling emotions. In this Review, Peter Vuust and colleagues discuss how music perception and related actions, emotions and learning are associated with the predictive capabilities of the human brain, with a focus on their predictive coding of music model.
Genetic mosaicism has provided a new conceptual framework for the study of the human brain. In this Review, Bizzotto and Walsh discuss mechanisms of brain somatic mutations, what they reveal about development and pathology, and the major associated technical challenges.
There is a dichotomy in human neuroscience research between task-based cognition and characterization of intrinsic neural patterns (for example, resting-state networks), In this Review, Liu and colleagues discuss a new paradigm for bridging this gap based on decoding of task-related representations.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting both upper and lower motor neurons. Various genes have been linked to ALS, leading to the generation of many rodent models of this disease. In this Review, Todd and Petrucelli provide a broad overview of these models.
Impaired insulin signalling is now established as a key component of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology. In this review, De Felice and colleagues discuss the contribution of impaired insulin signalling and allostatic load in AD and highlight the potential of social and lifestyle interventions to preserve brain health and ward off AD.
Local activation of presynaptic receptors alters neurotransmitter release, modulating effects of somatic action potentials. In this Review, Lovinger et al. discuss the role of presynaptic receptors in regulating synaptic transmission and directions for future research aimed at determining the in vivo roles of presynaptic receptors.
Immune genes implicated in multiple sclerosis pathology are shown to be primed but not expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells in both mouse and human.
