Ion channels in primary sensory neurons are molecular targets for the treatment of chronic pain. In this Perspective, Ovsepian and Waxman assess prospective gene therapies directed towards such targets and discuss their translational potential to enable precision pain medicine.

Recent technological advances have provided insights into the diversity of neuronal subtypes within the midbrain dopamine system. In this Review, Garritsen and colleagues discuss molecular and functional distinctions between subtypes and describe mechanisms underlying their development, wiring and function.

A growing body of epidemiological evidence linking air pollution to multiple brain disorders suggests that these adverse effects are produced by mechanisms that are shared across these disorders. More stringent, targeted regulatory policies may therefore be required to ensure public health protection.

Cortical inhibitory interneurons undergo diverse forms of long-term synaptic plasticity. In this Review, Sjöström and colleagues describe the diversity of this interneuron plasticity and highlight that the plasticitome, a comprehensive database of plasticity rules, is needed to understand circuit plasticity complexity.

In this Journal Club, Janelle Drouin-Ouellet describes the 1989 paper that provided the first evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson disease.

Ketamine-induced dissociated states in mice result from the suppression and activation of cortical pyramidal neuron populations that are active and silent during wakefulness, respectively.

A growing body of epidemiological evidence linking air pollution to multiple brain disorders suggests that these adverse effects are produced by mechanisms that are shared across these disorders. More stringent, targeted regulatory policies may therefore be required to ensure public health protection.

Hyperactivity in a subset of lateral septum neurons inhibits social reward processing and drives social avoidance following chronic social defeat in mice.

Deletion of Gabrb3, which encodes the β3 subunit of the GABA_A receptor selectively in pyramidal neurons of developing mouse sensory cortex, increased contralateral connectivity, network synchrony and sensitivity to tactile stimuli, suggesting that this receptor is involved in refinement of interhemispheric sensory pathways.

Evidence for the presence of silent synapses in the visual cortex of adult mice is uncovered.