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In this Review, Xu, Gu and Lovley examine the varied mechanisms by which microorganisms can cause metal corrosion and explore different strategies that could prevent it.
In this Review, Landovitz, Scott and Deeks explore the current state of the art for HIV prevention and treatment, including unmet needs and emerging tools. They describe how researchers are combining different approaches, such as prevention, treatment and cure, to achieve better outcomes in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
In this Review, Hsu and Schnabl examine the role of the gut microbiota in liver and intestine function, and how gut microorganisms contribute to liver diseases, and explore different microbiota-based strategies for the treatment of liver disease.
In this Review, Stride and co-workers discuss emerging drug delivery strategies that are explored in antibiofilm therapy to improve the clinical efficacy of antibiofilm agents, highlighting their current limitations and future prospects.
In this Review, Wang, Gao and Aksoy delve into the influence of microbiota on vector physiology and competence, provide an overview of the common and unique characteristics of microbiota in major disease vector systems and examine the potential applications of manipulating vector microbiota for vector control purposes.
In this Review, Martínez, Hernando-Amado and colleagues explore how eco-evolutionary-based approaches can aid in the design of successful antibiotic therapies, including the exploitation of evolutionary trade-offs, targeting bacterial metabolism and studying the ancestral functions of antibiotic resistance determinants.
In this Review, Carmody and Bisanz examine the role of the gut microbiome in energy metabolism, the two-way relationship between the gut microbiome and weight management strategies and opportunities and challenges in the development of microbiome-directed therapies targeting energy balance.
In this Review, Singh et al. explore the impact of future climate scenarios on plant pathogen burden and biogeography, their interaction with the plant microbiome and the consequences on plant disease and productivity in different ecosystems. They propose different approaches to ensure long-term global food security.
In this Review, Lemon and colleagues describe quasi-enveloped virions, how they enter and how they are released from the human host cell, and how they affect host immunity and pathogenesis.
In this Review, Smith, Foster and colleagues explore the protective strategies of bacteria, including the mechanisms, evolution and clinical implications of these ancient defences. They discuss new therapies for treating disease and how to minimize resistance evolution.
Over the course of the lifespan of a host, the gut microbiota undergoes evolutionary changes and is shaped by ecological interactions with the host and other microbial species. In this Review, Barreto and Gordo explore mechanisms of evolution of the gut microbiota, intrahost evolution of strains and communities and implications of intrahost evolution for disease and microbiota-based therapies.
In this Review, Markov, Katzourakis and colleagues explore the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 at different scales, the phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, factors that drive the evolution of the virus, theories for the emergence of epidemiologically important variants and potential future evolutionary scenarios and their likely health repercussions.
In this Review, Baldrian et al. discuss the effects of global change on the forest ecosystem and its microbiome across boreal, temperate and tropical climatic zones, and present different strategies aimed at reducing global change impact on forests.
In this Review, Toyofuku, Schild, Kaparakis-Liaskos and Eberl discuss the different types of bacterial membrane vesicle, how they are formed, their structure and composition and their diverse functions.
Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe and often lethal tick-borne illness that is caused by infection with the CCHF virus (CCHFV). In this Review, Hawman and Feldmann explore recent insights into the function of viral proteins in CCHFV pathogenesis, our current understanding of CCHF and the state of treatments and vaccines for CCHFV.
In this Review, Brouwer et al. summarize recent developments in our understanding of Group A Streptococcus (GAS), focusing on the epidemiologic and clinical features of GAS infection and the molecular mechanisms associated with GAS virulence and drug resistance.
In this Review, Lithgow and colleagues explore how imaging of the bacterial cell surface at nanoscale has revealed distinct zones and specific features, including functionally defined assembly precincts for protein insertion into the membrane and equivalent lipid-assembly precincts suggested from discrete lipopolysaccharide patches.
In this Review, Stelzner, Vollmuth and Rudel summarize current knowledge of Chlamydia trachomatis intracellular replication, its metabolism within the host cell and how it defends against host cell autonomous and innate immune responses, as well as its transition to a persistence state.
In this Review, Howden and co-workers examine and integrate recent key advances in understanding the mechanisms that Staphylococcus aureus uses to cause infections.
In this Review, the authors summarize the mutations harboured by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern. They describe the impact of mutations on virus infectivity and transmissibility, and discuss SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the context of T cells, innate immunity and population immunity.
