In this Review, Miller and Arias summarize recent advances in understanding ESKAPE pathogens, focusing on their molecular epidemiology, clinical impact, emerging mechanisms of resistance and novel therapeutic approaches.

In this Review, Pai and colleagues examine the global landscape of drug-resistant tuberculosis, exploring its epidemiology, causes, risk factors, stigma and associated mental health burden as well as discussing the most recent developments in diagnostics, treatment and preventive regimens.

In this Review, Shepherd, Brockhurst and colleagues explore the clinical evidence in support of four major ecological and evolutionary mechanisms of within-patient antimicrobial resistance emergence in bacteria, and how host niche, bacterial species and antibiotic mode of action combine to govern these mechanisms.

An increasing number of countries in Africa are reporting cases of mpox, prompting the World Health Organization to declare it a public health emergency of international concern.

Nature Reviews Microbiology attended the 19th biennial meeting of the International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME) in Cape Town, South Africa.

Antibacterial drug resistance is a critical global health issue that affects countries across all economic levels, though it disproportionately affects populations in low- and middle-income countries. Infection and resistance rates vary considerably, necessitating tailored interventions to meet the specific demands of each area. This underscores the need for global solidarity and national accountability in effectively addressing antibacterial drug resistance.

Improving access to antibiotics will save lives and reduce the rise and spread of drug-resistant infections. Instead of traditional ‘last mile’ global health solutions, global leaders need to support efforts to develop suitable antibiotics and their rational use, ensuring that countries have the capacity to make them available.

As the United Nations convenes its second High-Level Meeting on antimicrobial resistance, urgent global action is needed. This Focus issue draws attention to pressing challenges of bacterial antimicrobial resistance and underscores the need for fast and coordinated international efforts.

A new study reports sustained HIV remission in an individual who underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with cells from a donor with wild-type CCR5.