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Animal cloning demonstrates that the genome of a differentiated cell can be reprogrammed to support the development of an entire organism and allow the derivation of pluripotent stem cells. Is there a common mechanism for programming and reprogramming developmental states? And what factors are required?
Extensive research over the past 30 years has revealed the involvement of Ras not only in tumorigenesis but also in many developmental disorders. The complexity of the molecular and cell biological mechanisms of action of Ras proteins indicates that much remains to be learnt.
Cytochromec is primarily known for its function in the mitochondria as a key participant in the life-supporting function of ATP synthesis. Yet, cytochrome calso has a prominent role in apoptotic pathways and participates in non-apoptotic processes during development.
Although fusion proteins that function in different membrane-fusion events can be structurally diverse, their functional activities are often similar. Fusion proteins bring the two membranes into sufficiently close proximity and inject energy into the fusion process.
The neural crest is a migratory population of cells that is unique to vertebrate embryos and that forms numerous derivatives, such as melanocytes, peripheral neurons and glia, and the craniofacial skeleton. Formation of the neural crest is mediated through a multimodule gene regulatory network.
Although DNA replication is fundamental to the propagation of cellular life, the bacterial replication machinery is distinct from that used by archaea and eukaryotes. What has been the role of lateral gene transfer by extra-chromosomal elements in shaping the replication machinery during evolution?
Sorting nexins are associated with the early endosomal network and have important functions in endocytosis, sorting and signalling. But how do specific sorting nexins regulate tubular-based endosomal sorting and how do other sorting nexins coordinate sorting with endosomal signalling events?
