Volume 23 Issue 4, April 2022

The RNA-binding proteins RBGD2 and RBGD4 improve resistance to heat stress in plants by phase separating into heat-induced stress granules.

Jijumon et al. introduce a straightforward, cell-free assay to unravel the functions of microtubule-associated proteins.

Highly transcribed long genes ‘stiffen’ and form loops extending from the harbouring chromosomes.

Valeria Levi recounts how a clever way to visualize the function of H⁺-ATP synthase pioneered single-molecule technologies.

Keren Lasker discusses early work of Lucy Shapiro, which provided first evidence that bacterial cells spatially regulate their cellular processes, akin to their eukaryotic counterparts.

X chromosome inactivation in mammals involves chromosome-wide gene silencing at one X chromosome in cells of females, a process that requires complex spatiotemporal regulation. Recent findings provide new insights into the mechanisms and dynamics of X chromosome inactivation and the accompanying 3D reshaping of the chromosome.

Aneuploidy affects organisms from early development through to aging and is a cause of pregnancy loss and cancer. Recent studies have increased our understanding of its mechanisms and how it can be both beneficial and detrimental to cells and organisms, depending on the karyotype and external cues. These insights shed light on its roles in human pathogenesis and on genome evolution.

Mitochondrial permeability transition — mediated by the opening of the so-called mitochondrial permeability transition pore — causes abrupt flux of low molecular weight solutes across the generally impermeable inner mitochondrial membrane. Recent studies provide new insights into the molecular nature and mechanisms of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the physiological consequences of its opening.

Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) are recognized by designated cellular sensors to mount an immune response. Although dsRNAs are generally of viral origin, dysregulation of several cellular processes can lead to accumulation of endogenous dsRNAs. These self-derived dsRNAs are often associated with immune disorders, but their immunogenicity can also be exploited for immunotherapy.