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Cadherin-based, finger-like cell–cell contacts are shown to serve as instructive structural cues that coordinate motility during collective cell migration.
The newly identified SND pathway is an alternative route for the targeting of proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum that functions in parallel to the SRP and GET pathways.
New observations of ESCRT-mediated reverse-topology membrane scission are building towards a structural and biophysical explanation of the mechanism involved.
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) generates mRNAs with varying 3′ termini. It is regulated by variation in the concentration of cleavage and polyadenylation factors and by RNA-binding proteins, as well as by splicing and transcription. APA is important for cell proliferation and differentiation owing to its roles in mRNA metabolism and protein diversification.
Reversible mRNA methylation is an emerging mode of eukaryotic post-transcriptional gene regulation.N6-methyladenosine (m6A) affects mRNA processing, translation and decay during cell differentiation, embryonic development and stress responses. Other mRNA modifications — N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and pseudouridine — together with m6A code a new layer of information that controls protein synthesis.
Contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) involves collisions with other cells during cell migration that typically induce cessation of movement or a change of migratory direction. A molecular description of CIL and details of its involvement in various cellular processes are emerging, demonstrating that CIL is a highly heterogeneous response with important functionsin vivo.
Human pluripotent stem cells constitute a unique system to study the earliest stages of human embryonic haematopoiesis and the origins of human blood cell diseases, and they are an invaluable tool for the generation of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations for cell-based regenerative therapies.
