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A study now reveals that adult hair follicle stem cells are established through asymmetric cell divisions and asymmetric signalling, in the absence of a stem cell niche.
Sumoylation of MCM inhibits DNA replication initiation by counteracting the function of the kinases that activate MCM; the loss of MCM sumoylation coincides with origin firing.
Azim Surani discusses how induced pluripotent stem cells have enabled researchers to demonstrate that it is possible to cross the germ line–soma barrier, known as the Weismann barrier.
J. B. Gurdon introduces this Focus issue by discussing the importance of the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells 10 years ago and current challenges for the development of cell replacement therapies.
The ectopic expression of a defined set of transcription factors can experimentally reprogramme somatic cells into other cell types, including pluripotent cells. This method enables exploration of the molecular characteristics of pluripotency, cell specification, differentiation and cell fate stability, as well as their transcriptional and epigenetic regulation.
Recent advances in our understating of the molecular underpinnings of alternative primed- and naive-like pluripotent states in rodents and humans highlight potential functional benefits of naive pluripotency and identify key unanswered questions in this rapidly evolving field.
The use of cultured human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to model human diseases has revolutionized the ways in which we study monogenic, multigenic and epigenetic disorders, by overcoming some of the limitations of animal models. PSC-based disease models are generated using various strategies and can be used for the discovery of new drugs and therapies.
This year marks the tenth anniversary of the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by transcription factor-mediated somatic cell reprogramming. Takahashi and Yamanaka portray the path towards this ground-breaking discovery and discuss how, since then, research has focused on understanding the mechanisms underlying iPSC generation and on translating such advances to the clinic.
Advances in the derivation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and their differentiation to specific cell types could have diverse clinical applications. Trounson and DeWitt provide an overview of the progress in using embryonic stem cell and induced PSC derivatives for disease treatment and discuss the potential and limitations of such approaches.