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Five papers report extensive transcriptomic, epigenomic and proteomic analyses of reprogramming, revealing the existence of several reprogramming routes and multiple unique pluripotent cell states.
The signal recognition particle (SRP) interacts with nascent polypeptides and assists protein translocation across membranes. Pechmannet al. identified that downstream non-optimal codons in the mRNA attenuate translation and promote SRP binding.
Robinet al. describe telomere position effect over long distances (TPE–OLD), a phenomenon in which long (but not short) telomeres control gene expression by forming chromatin loops with genes located several Mb away.
Two studies report the design of DNA hairpins that function as optical probes of cellular traction forces, offering high spatiotemporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.