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During metabolic stress in cancer cells, ACSS2 binds to TFEB to locally boost the production of acetyl-CoA, thereby facilitating the expression of lysosomal and autophagy genes.
Thomas D. Pollard discusses the early work of Thompson and Wolpert on cytoplasmic extract from amoebae, which laid the foundation for studies of actin-driven cell motility.
Various proteins interact with ribosomes — this ribosome–protein interactome functionally diversifies ribosomes, thereby providing an additional means of translation regulation.
Nucleosome-remodelling complexes can slide or eject histones, or incorporate histone variants, but they share an ATPase–translocase 'motor' and a common DNA translocation mechanism. In a unifying 'hourglass' model of remodeller function, the different remodeller subfamilies use different modules for targeting to nucleosomes but converge on a DNA translocation mechanism and then diverge again to achieve various outcomes.
Multiciliated cells line the lumen of the vertebrate central nervous system and respiratory and reproductive tracts, where the unidirectional beating of cilia assemblies supports the polarized flow of fluids or movement of cells or particles. Recent studies shed new light on how multiciliated cells arise and how they function.
Alternative splicing expands the complexity of the proteome by generating multiple transcript isoforms from a single gene. Numerous alternative splicing events occur during cell differentiation and tissue maturation, suggesting that alternative splicing supports proper development. Recent studies shed light on how alternative splicing and its coordination contribute to organ development and tissue homeostasis.
Many cellular proteins are reversibly modified byO-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties on Ser and Thr residues. Studies on the mechanisms and functions of O-GlcNAcylation and its links to metabolism reveal the importance of this modification in the maintenance of cellular and organismal homeostasis.
