Opinion in 2014

Faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis depends on the bi-oriented attachment of chromosomes to spindle microtubules through their kinetochores. The precise regulation of kinetochore–microtubule attachment that ensures error-free mitosis may be explained by homeostatic principles involving receptors, a core control network, effectors and feedback control.

Dishevelled, EGL-10 and pleckstrin (DEP) domains carry out diverse functions by using different binding interfaces with well-defined structural features. It is becoming apparent that DEP domains mainly function in the spatial and temporal control of diverse signal transduction events by interacting with various partners at the plasma membrane.

Proteome maintenance was thought to be controlled in a cell-autonomous manner. However, recent findings suggest that proteostasis can be systemically regulated. Protein-folding defects systemically activate proteostasis mechanisms through signalling pathways that coordinate stress responses among tissues, and this may also coordinate ageing rates between tissues.

Cell death research was revitalized by the understanding that necrosis can occur in a regulated and genetically controlled manner. Although necroptosis is the most recognized form of regulated necrosis, other examples of this process have emerged. Understanding how these pathways are interconnected should enable regulated necrosis to be therapeutically targeted.